區域發展對客家聚落之影響─以新竹縣芎林鄉為例

The affects of the Regional development to the Hakka settlement:the case study at the Cyonglin Township,Hsinchu County

邱盈滋(Ying-Zih Chiu)

指導教授 ： 周錦宏 ； 劉說安

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家政治經濟研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

新竹縣芎林鄉是傳統的客家庄，長期保有客家農庄的特殊人文與風情。不過隨著社會變遷與政府推動的各項區域發展計畫，多年來明顯已對芎林的客家聚落風情產生一定的衝擊。近年來，新竹縣政府積極推動「台灣知識經濟旗艦園區」（昔稱「璞玉計畫」），把一部份芎林鄉境納入計畫範圍內，卻引發當地農民持續多年的抗議，箇中緣由，實耐人尋味也正是本文關懷之所在。
為了瞭解「璞玉計畫」對芎林鄉環境變遷與區域發展的影響，本論文首先使用衛星遙測技術，觀察芎林客家庄在不同年代間的變遷情況；其次，由於人與土地的關係向來是客家文化深繫之所在，所以本論文亦透過深度訪談與田野調查，深度解析當地居民對土地利用變遷的看法與其態度。
本研究發現，區域發展對芎林鄉的影響至少表現在四個面向上，分別是：一、從衛星影像中看出農地面積的變化，顯示農業土地陸續被轉作他用； 二、區域發展直接影響居民的移動方式與人文環境，傳統的客家農庄有走入歷史之虞；三、，隨著土地徵收可能帶來的富裕：不論是農業政策抑或是開發計畫，區域發展與都市計畫已影響部份居民的價值觀，「取得最大經濟利益」已有代替傳統人地倫理關係的現象。四、自然與聚落景觀明顯受到區域發展的影響而改變。
本文因此建議政府應正視外部環境變遷對傳統人文環境所造成的影響，尤其政策的形成過程中，必須落實公民參與的理念，尊重多元的意見。

關鍵字

人地關係 ； 區域發展 ； 芎林鄉 ； 台灣知識經濟旗艦園區 ； 璞玉計畫

並列摘要

As a traditional Hakka village, for many yearsCyonglin Township in Hsinchu County has maintainedthe unique cultural activities and local customs of a Hakka farm. Somehow, through years of social transformation and various regional development plans initiated by the government, it is obvious that the local culture and customs of Cyonglin Hakka cluster havebeen impacted as a result. In recent years, Hsinchu county government has been aggressively promoting“Taiwan Knowledge-based Economic Flagship Park”(formerly called Puyu Development Plan). This plan covered a portion of Cyonglin Township territory, it induced a long period of protests by local farmers. The cause of it has been concerned by many, it is a subject studied in this paper.
For the purpose of understanding the influence to the environmental change and regional development of Cyonglin Township by “Puyu Development Plan”, thesatellite remote sensing technology was adopted first in this paper to observe how Cyonglin Hakka village wastransformed in different time periods. Since the relationship between man and land has always been the core of Hakka culture, hence, this paper adopted the in-depth interview and field survey in order to intensively analyze the views and attitude of the local people to the change of land use.
This study disclosed that at least four aspects of Cyonglin Township were impacted by regional development: 1. The variation of the farm land size can be seen from the satellite images, it indicates that the farming land has been converted into other use gradually; 2. The way of migration of local people and the humanity environment have been directly influenced by regional development, there is a worry that the traditional Hakka farm village may become the history ; 3. The wealth was created by the levy of the land, regardless of agricultural policy or development plan, the values ofsome local people were then influenced by the regional development and urban planning. “Gaining the maximum economic benefit” has been gradually replacing the traditional man and land ethical relationship. 4. The natural and cluster landscapes have been clearly impacted and changed by the regional development.
This paper suggests that the government shall seriously examine the impact caused by the change of external environment to the traditional humanity environment. Specifically, in the process of forming policies, the government must realize the concept of citizen participation, and respect diversified opinions.

並列關鍵字

Puyu Development Plan ； Man-land Relationship ； Regional Development ； Cyonglin Township ； Taiwan Knowledge-based Economic Flagship Park

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