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  • 學位論文

從能源安全探討中國的中亞政策-以上海合作組織為例

The Study of China's Central Asia Policy from the View of Energy Security:the case of Shanghai Cooperation Organization

指導教授 : 趙文志
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摘要


在資本主義巿場經濟體系之中,生產力雖決定巿場規模,但資源卻決定生產力;一國經濟的實力不完全取決於該國能有多少的生產力,而取決於該國能控制多少資源;在國際政治經濟的競逐當中,一國的國力不只取決於該國的經濟、制度與各種基礎建設的總和,更取決於維繫這些國力發展的資源占有量。也就是說,資源決定著戰略,誰控制資源,誰就能控制世界。   現今國際政治,石油是全球角力的趨動力,面對未來石油能源短缺,各國紛紛開發新油源、與產油國進行戰略合作以及積極研發替代性能源。自從1973年石油能源危機爆發,貿易發展與巿場需求增加,已成為國際間的重要戰略物資,即所謂「黑金」。   1978年中國實行改革開放後,經濟快速起飛;1993年起成為石油產品的淨進口國家,凸顯對石油與天然氣等能源的殷切需求。中國經過長期的探索與實踐,已形成一套能源政策,發覺不能僅依恃中東的石油,遂將傳統的石油能源政策重心,藉由外交手段及國有公司海外投資併購等政策,在全球各地尋找油源,積極參與勘探與開採國外能源,希望減低對於單一產油地區的依賴。   中國為了確保石油能源自主掌握,把冷戰結束後,由蘇聯解體獨立的中亞五國,視為取代中東石油的第二塊地區;於是在1996年成立「上海五國」,從邊境安全,進而成立「上海合作組織(Shanghai Cooperation Organization -- SCO)」,並擴大將能源納入合作範圍。   本文目的,主要是試圖透過地緣政治與區域主義為分析途徑,論述觀點,主要以地緣政治中的能源因素與國家利益之角度切入,探討中國運用上海合作組織同中亞雙邊進行能源合作關係之背景因素、形成基礎、動因及其侷限與挑戰。

並列摘要


In the marketing economy of the capitalist system, the productivity decides the size of market, but the resources decide productivity. The strength of a country's economy should not be depended entirely on how much of the country's productivity, but on how much the country can control the resources. Under international political economy competitionin, a country's strength should not only depends on the sum of the country's economy, institutio, andl infrastructure, but also depends on the possession of these resources to maintain its strength development. In other words, the resources decide strategy. One, who controls resources, will be able to control the world.   In today's international politics, the oil is the driving force of the global struggle. Facing the oil shortage in the future, Each countries has to develop new sources of oil, actively developing strategic cooperation with oil producers and substitute energy. Since the breakout of oil crisis in 1973, trade development and market demand is on the increase, which has become an important international strategic materials, i.e. "black gold."   In 1978, since China began to reform and open to the world, its economy has been rapidly taking off. In 1993, China became a net importer of petroleum products, highlighting its demand on the oil and gas and other energy. Over a long period of exploration and practice, China has formed a set of energy policy, which found itself that can not just rely on the oil from the Middle East. Therefore, by diplomacy and foreign investment and merger policies of state-owned companies, China changes its traditional focus on oil and energy policy to look around the oil source all over the world. Moreover, China actively participates in energy exploration and production abroad, expecting to reduce the dependence on a single oil-producing region.   To ensure the possession of oil and energy, th China regrads the five Central Asian countries, independentthe from the Soviet Union, as a substitute for the second Middle East oil region while the Cold War was over. Then, in 1996, China set up the "Shanghai Five" from border security, and then set up the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization (Shanghai Cooperation Organization - SCO)", and expanded to include the energy into the scope of cooperation.   The purpose of this study mainily attempts to analyze from the viewpoints of geopolitcs and geo-political theory, and mainly explore the background, factors, basis, motivation, limitations and its challenges that China makes use of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to conduct bilateral energy cooperation relations with the Central Asian countries from the points of view on the energy factors of geopolitics and the national interest.

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