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  • 學位論文

臺灣漸進式退休可行性評估與設計

The feasibility Assessment and Design of Phased Retirement in Taiwan

指導教授 : 鄭清霞
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摘要


有鑑於我國即將邁入高齡社會,人口老化將帶來年金財政負擔,以及勞動力短缺的問題,影響國家整體的經濟發展。因此,本研究探討西方國家1990年代興起的「漸進式退休」,以減少工時,並同時領取部分年金的方式,促進高齡者的勞動參與,減少提早退休的情形發生。 本研究探討挪威、瑞典、德國與美國等十二個國家的制度,設計出臺灣的漸進式退休方案。根據國外實施經驗,漸進式退休實施的條件有:縮減提早退休給付、足夠的部分年金替代率、政府積極勞動政策的配合、部分工時工作的普及、勞動市場的彈性化,以及寬廣的請領年齡間距。本研究採用中高齡與高齡勞動力、高齡就業環境、雇主雇用態度、政策面的實施、社會觀點、部分工時工作的提供等指標,以評估我國是否適用漸進式退休。研究結果發現,由於我國目前部分工時的工作機會不足、高齡就業環境不友善、社會上普遍對於高齡工作的存有負面觀點,因此漸進式退休尚不適用於臺灣。目前我國政府當務之急,應是改善中高齡與高齡的就業環境、提供充足的部分工時工作機會,以延後高齡者退休年齡,以及增進其勞動參與。

並列摘要


The express of aging society in Taiwan, the aging population will lead to a serious challenge of pension finance and labor shortages. This current work aims at the issue of phased retirement arising in the western countries since 1990s. Such discussing on the elders was subjected to reduce working hours and receive a partial pension, actively promote labor participant and postpone early retirement. This study investigates the phased retirement in twelve countries including Norway, Sweden, and German, and so on. Base on empirical experience, there are several promotion requirement of phased retirement, they are reducing payment of early retirement, sufficient replacement rate of partial pensions, the active labor policies, universalizing in part time jobs, the flexibility of labor market and the extensive qualification of the age range. The indicator to evaluate the eligibility of phased retirement are the labor force of middle age and elderly, the working environment for elderly, the desire of the employers, the policies, the social perspective and the supply of part-time jobs and so on. The results indicate the policy of phased retirement is not suitable in Taiwan, causing by insufficient of part-time job, unfriendly working environment, and the negative perception on elderly workers. The most important target of policy for Taiwan Government in near future is improving the working environment and increasing part-time job opportunities for the elderly, to achieve the promotion of labor participation and postpone early retirement.

參考文獻


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