本研究第一個實驗為評估不同蓮霧品種的花粉源對著果及果實品質的影響,另調查花粉源的效率,以確定最有效的蓮霧授粉 (人工) 品種,此外也研究不同溫度 (10℃、15℃、25℃)及蔗糖濃度 (10%、15%、20%) 對花粉萌發的的影響。第二個實驗為兩種植物生長調節劑(GA3 和2,4-D)處理分別對長紅A、麻六甲、阿塗及長紅B果實生長和品質的影響。分別利用10和30 ppm GA3 及10 ppm 2,4-D 處理,並以不噴灑植物生長調節劑為對照組。第三個實驗分別為S型環刻;疏果加套袋;和疏果加套袋加施用2,4-D對印尼大粒種、新市仔、本地種及泰國吳氏果實生長和品質的影響。植物生長調節 (GA3 和2,4-D)在小花期和花瓣脫落期噴灑,環刻則於開花前3週處理。並於每週測定各處理果實的生長且記錄果實物理和生化特性。第一個實驗的結果顯示,5 品種著果率從0%至36.8%不等。Thyto為授粉樹有較高著果(36.8 %),而Thub Thim Chang和印尼大粒種為花粉原則較低。最大果的重量(分別為Thyto:92.3克,12.9oBrix;長紅B:79.6克,11.0o Brix)經由Thyto和長紅B授粉來比較母樹果實品質。發現以Thub Thim Chang、印尼大粒種和阿塗種花粉量較低。第二個實驗結果顯示,相較於對照組,施用GA3、2,4-D 顯著提高著果。噴施10ppm2,4-D增加了長紅A和長紅B的單果重及果實大小;於麻六甲和阿塗種10ppm GA3 處理亦有類似的效果。而施用10ppm2,4-D降低麻六甲和阿塗種裂果,在長紅A和長紅B分別施用 10和30 ppm GA3裂果最低。10ppm GA3提高麻六甲、阿塗種和長紅B的總可溶性固形物,而施用30 ppm GA3亦顯著提高長紅A的總可溶性固形物,10ppm GA3 顯著降低阿塗種可滴定酸,而在長紅A、長紅B及麻六甲則是施用30 ppm GA3 顯著降低可滴定酸。第三個實驗結果顯示,S-環刻處理顯著增加印尼大粒 種、本地種及泰國吳氏的花芽數及著果數,且減少落蕾。2,4-D加S-環刻處理降低所有蓮霧品種的落蕾。結果表明,環刻顯著提高印尼大粒種和泰國吳氏的果實生長、改善果實品質、增加總可溶性形物及pH 值,且降低裂果、果實傷害及酸度。另一方面,疏果加套袋加施用10 ppm 2,4-D也有明顯改善本地種和新市仔的果實品質及 果實性狀。由結果得知 Thyto和長紅B花粉在蓮霧園為有效的花粉源。此外,發現花粉萌發最佳的溫度為25℃及15%的蔗糖濃度。10 ppm GA3和10 ppm 2,4-D在提高蓮霧著果、果實生長及改善果實品質為有效的工具。S-環刻在大部分的果實評估指標中有顯著的效果。
The present study was carried out to measure the effect of pollen sources on fruit set and fruit quality of wax apple cultivars in first experiment. In addition, the efficiency of pollen sources evaluated to identify the most effective pollinator (by hand) for wax apple cultivars. Furthermore, the effect of temperature (10oC; 15oC; 25oC), and sucrose concentration (10%; 15%; 20%) on pollen germination was also investigated. The second experiment uses to evaluate the effect of two plant growth regulators (GA3 and 2,4-D) on fruit growth and fruit quality of ‘Red A’, ‘Molluna’, ‘Atu’, and ‘Long Red B’ wax apple cultivar, respectively. The treatments using GA3 10 and 30 ppm, 2,4-D 10 ppm and without spray plant growth regulator as control. The third experiment uses to evaluate effect of S-girdling, fruit thinning plus bagging with 2,4-D application, and fruit thinning plus bagging on fruit growth and fruit quality of ‘Big Pink Apple’, ‘Xishi’, ‘Local’, and ‘Thaiwu’ wax apple cultivar. Two plant growth regulators (GA3 and 2,4-D) was sprayed at the small bud and petal fall stage. Girdling was applied three weeks before flowering. The effect of all treatments on fruit growth was measured weekly. The physical and biochemical quality characteristics of the fruits were recorded. The result of first experiment showed fruit set for all cultivars ranged from 0.0 to 36.8 %. High fruit set was achieved in ‘Thyto’ cultivar (36.8%) as the pollen source while the percentage of fruit set of ‘Thub Thim Chang’ and ‘Big pink apple’ cultivar was the lowest. Higher fruit quality (92.3 g per fruit, 12.9 oBrix for ‘Thyto’ cultivar and 79.6 g per fruit, 11.0 o Brix for ‘Long Red B’ cultivar) was obtained using ‘Thyto’ and ‘Long Red B’ cultivar as pollinator, whereas the lowest fruit quality was found with pollen of ‘Thub Thim Chang’, ‘Big pink apple’ and ‘Atu’ cultivar as compared with fruit quality of mother trees in the study. In the second experiment, the result showed application of GA3 and 2,4-D greatly response in increasing fruit set for all treatment as compared to control. Fruit weight, fruit size were increased at 10 ppm 2,4-D in ‘Red A’ and ‘Red B’ cultivar, however it was also enhancing at 10 ppm GA3 in ‘Monulla’ and ‘Atu’ cultivar. For ‘Monulla’ and ‘Atu’ cultivar fruit crack reduced by 10 ppm 2,4-D application, whereas ‘Red B’ and ‘Red A’ cultivar gave least fruit crack at 10 and 30 ppm GA3, respectively. ‘Monulla’, ‘Atu’ and ‘Red B’ cultivar resulted in response well to 10 ppm GA3 on improving TSS, whereas application of 30 ppm GA 3greatly enhancing TSS in ‘Red A’ cultivar. For ‘Atu’ cultivar titratable acidity markedly reduced by 10 ppm GA3 application, but spraying with 30 ppm GA3greatly response in reducing titratable acidity in ‘Red A’, ‘Red B’ and ‘Monulla’ cultivar. In the third experiment the results indicated that S-girdling treatment greatly effect on enhanced bud number, fruit set and reduced bud drop in ‘Big Pink Apple’, ‘Local’, and Thaiwu’ cultivar. S-girdling treatment, 2,4-D application response well in reduced bud drop for all wax apple cultivar. The results also suggested that S-girdling enhanced faster fruit growth, improved quality characteristics of the fruits, increase the total soluble solid, pH and reduce fruit crack, fruit injury as well as acidity in ‘Big pink apple’ and ‘Thaiwu’ cultivar. On the other hand fruit thinning plus bagging with 2,4-D application also have markedly response in improving fruit quality, fruit character in ‘Xinshi’ and ‘Local’ cultivar. In conclusion it was concluded that pollen sources of ‘Thyto’ and ‘Long red B’ cultivar can be considered efficient pollen of wax apple in orchard. Moreover, 15% sucrose concentration and temperatures of 25oC are required for optimum pollen germination. Furthermore, it was concluded that GA3, 2,4-D can be an effective tool to enhancing fruit set, fruit growth as well as improving fruit quality of wax apple. S-girdling had a distinctive and significant effect on most of the fruit quality characteristics assessed
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