光及氮對草莓（Fragaria x ananassa Duch.） 生長、 花誘導 及產 量的影響

學號：M10022041 論文題目：光及氮對草莓（Fragaria x ananassa Duch.）生長、花誘導及產量的影響總頁數：128 就讀學校系別：國立屏東科技大學熱帶農業暨國際合作系畢業日期：中華民國一百零二年六月授予學位：碩士學生姓名：陸朗指導教授：顏昌瑞博士陳光堯博士論文內容摘要：光是植物光合作用的主要能量來源，亦為植物生長和發育的重要信息。植物不僅對光強度連光質也有所感應。除了光需求，氮亦促進生長、增加葉片尺寸、葉綠素含量、加速作物成熟，並促進果實和種子發育。氮是一種氨基酸構成，為生合成蛋白質和其它相關化合物所必需的物質，扮演著所有植物代謝過程的重要角色。儘管過去有許多對於草莓施用不同氮量的相關研究，此主題仍然應加以探討。這項實驗研究調查四種波長顏色（白色，藍色，綠色和紅色），及四種氮用量（氮0，56，84和112公斤/公頃）對草莓花誘導、生長及產量的影響。兩種個別實驗分別使用三種草莓品種（豐香，信香和香水）。結果顯示，光質和氮水平顯著影響生長量及產量(P<0.05)。然而對花誘導的時間沒有顯著影響。紅色光極顯著影響參數。它增加了冠徑，葉面積發育增大極誘導更多的花。此外，果實數和總可溶性固形物亦增加。藍燈增加果重和植株上部生物量。白色影響SPAD值和走莖量。綠色則增加果實量，TSS值及生物質量。整體而言，84(公斤/公頃)氮影響最大的參數，冠徑，葉數，花量誘導，增加果實大小及可溶性固形物（TSS）。氮112(公斤/公頃)提高葉綠素量，果數及高產。56(公斤/公頃)增加株高，降低葉片數，而不添加氮則導至植株生育不良及葉綠素含量降低。氮添加不影響走徑生產，葉長，花誘導時間及葉面積。花誘導在同時間，但不同的速率。整體而言，紅燈及112(公斤/公頃)氮顯著增加生長、開花誘導及草莓產量。

關鍵字

草莓；光質；氮水平；開花誘導；生長；產量

並列摘要

Student ID: M10022041 Title of Thesis: Effects of Light and Nitrogen on Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Growth, Flower Induction and Yield Total Pages: 128 Name of Institute: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Graduate Date: June 8, 2013 Degree Conferred: Master of Science Name of Student: Edward B. Lulane Advisors: Chung-Ruey Yen, Ph.D. G. Stanley Chen, Ph.D. The Contents of Abstract in This Thesis: Light is a predominant source of energy for plant photosynthesis and an important signal for plant growth and development. It is known that not only are plants able to respond to the intensity of light but also to the wavelength. Apart from light requirement, nitrogen promotes rapid growth, increases leaf size and chlorophyll content, hastens crop maturity, and promotes fruit and seed development. Nitrogen is a constituent of amino acids, which are required to synthesize proteins and other related compounds. It plays a significant role in almost all plant metabolic processes. Regardless of prior numerous studies conducted trying different nitrogen rates on strawberry, the subject remains allusive. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four light wavelengths (white, blue, green and red) and four nitrogen application rates (0, 56, 84 and 112 kg ha-1 Urea N) on strawberry growth, flower induction and yield. Two independent experiments were conducted using three Fragaria x ananassa Duch. varieties, i.e., Toyonoka, Mailbox and Perfume. The results showed that both light wavelength and nitrogen had a significant effect on growth parameters and yield at p < 0.05. However, there were no significant effects on time of flower induction. Red light wavelength significantly influenced much of the parameters studied. It increased the crown size, development of larger leaf area, influenced induction of more flowers, fruit number and total soluble solids (TSS). Blue light wavelength increased fruit weight and plant shoot biomass. The chlorophyll content and runner production was influenced by white light wavelength. Green light wavelength increased the quantity of fruits, total soluble solids, and had least fresh biomass accumulation. Nitrogen at the rate of 84 kg ha-1 positively influenced most of the parameters, crown diameter, leaf number and more flowers induced, increased fruit size and total soluble solids. Nitrogen at 112 kg ha-1 improved the chlorophyll content, had more fruits and high yield. Tall plants with reduced number of leaves were obtained from 56 kg ha-1 N and 0 kg ha-1 N had unhealthy plants with reduced chlorophyll content. Runner production, leaf length, time for flower induction and leaf area were not influenced by the amount of nitrogen applied. Flowers were induced at the same time but at different rates. In conclusion red light improves growth, number of flowers and yield whilst increasing nitrogen to 112 kg ha-1N resulted in better growth, more flowers and high yield.

並列關鍵字

Fragararia x ananassa Duch. ； light ； nitrogen ； flower induction ； growth ； yield

參考文獻

Manakasem, Y., and P. B. Goodwin. 2001. Responses of Dayneutral and Junebearing Strawberries to Temperature and Daylength. Journal Horticulture Science Biotechnology 76: 629-635.

Save, R. S., J. Penuelas, O. Marfa, and L. Serrano. 1993. Changes in Leaf Osmotic and Elastic Properties and Canopy Structure of Strawberries under Mild Water Stress. HortScience 28: 925-927.

Shaaban, M. M. and A. A. El-Bendary. 1999. Evaluation of Nitrogen Status for Snap Bean, Potatoes and Cucumber under Field Conditions Using Portable Chlorophyll Meter. Alexandria Journal of Agriculture Research 44: 191-200.

Miner, G. S., E. B. Poling, D. E. Caroll, L. A. Nelson, and C. R. Campbell. 1997. Influence of Fall Nitrogen and Spring Nitrogen-potassium Application on Yield and Fruit Quality of Chandler Strawberry. Journal of American. Society Horticulture Science 122: 290-295.

Argenta, G., P. R. F. Da Silva, and L. Sangoi. 2004. Leaf Relative Chlorophyll Content as an Indicator Parameter to Predict Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria 34 (5): 1379-1387.

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光及氮對草莓（Fragaria x ananassa Duch.）生長、花誘導及產量的影響

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