高齡者社會支持與心理福祉之關係：以屏東縣為例

The relationship between social support and psychological well-being among the elderly: A study of Pingtung County

趙文君(Wen-Chun Chao)

指導教授 ： 何華欽

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/社會工作系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00088

摘要

本研究旨在探究高齡者社會支持與心理福祉兩個概念之間的關係。其研究問題為探討高齡者社會支持的來源，並進一步分析何種社會支持對高齡者最為重要；探討高齡者的社會支持是否影響其心理福祉。
　　本研究是以量化研究方式進行，研究母體是對居住於屏東縣地區、年滿65歲以上之高齡者，採用立意取樣的抽樣方法，選取達14%高齡社會標準之高樹鄉、竹田鄉、萬巒鄉、內埔鄉地區，以及達7%高齡化社會標準之潮州鎮、屏東市、東港鎮地區，共計七個鄉鎮，總計回收的研究樣本為308位，回收率達97.78%。
研究結果發現高齡者社會支持來自家人、朋友、社區，但以「家庭情感性支持」最為重要，其次依序為「朋友工具性支持」、「朋友情感性支持」、「社區情感性支持」、「社區工具性支持」。
　　影響心理福祉的複迴歸檢定結果發現：1.「自覺經濟狀況」越佳者，「心理福祉」越高。2.「家庭情感性支持」越多，「心理福祉」越好。3. 「朋友情感性支持」越多，「心理福祉」越好。4.「朋友工具性支持」越多，「心理福祉」越好。5. 「社區情感性支持」越多，「心理福祉」越好。6.「社區工具性支持」越多，「心理福祉」越好。
　　最後根據研究結果提出以下建議：1.在家庭聯繫方面需持續增強高齡者與家庭的情感聯繫；2.在朋友互動方面需持續增加高齡者與朋友的互動機會；3.在社區照顧方面應促進社區資源的整合運用。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 社會支持 ； 情感性支持 ； 工具性支持 ； 心理福祉

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the relation between social support for the elderly and their psychological well-being. The question of this study is to explore the sources of social support, so as to identify and prioritize the sources of social support for the elderly,and to explore the social support will influencing psychological well-being or not.
　　This study is a quantitative research employing a purposive sampling technique to the population of senior citizens (65+) residing in the seven townships in Pingtung County, which include Gaoshu Township, Zhutian Township, Wanluan Township, and Neipu Township (all reaching the 14% ‘aged society’ threshold); and Chaozhou Township, Pingtung City, and Donggang Township (all reaching the 7% ‘aging society’ threshold). The overall sample size was 308 responses, with a response rate of 97.78%.
　　The results showed that social supports for the elderly came from the family, friends, and the community, among which “emotional support from family” was the most important, followed by “instrumental support from friends,” “emotional support from friends,” “emotional support from community,” and then “instrumental support from community.”
　　Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors influencing psychological well-being. The findings were as follows: 1. The better the “self-rated economic condition” was, the higher the psychological well-being would be. 2. The more the “emotional support from family,” the better the psychological well-being. 3. The more the “emotional support from friends,” the better the psychological well-being. 4. The more the “instrumental support from friends,” the better the psychological well-being. 5. The more the “emotional support from community,” the better the psychological well-being. 6. The more the “instrumental support from community” they received, the better their psychological well-being was.
　　The following suggestions are based on the results: 1. Regarding family connections, the elderly should be given steadily strengthened emotional connections with their family. 2. About friendly interactions, the elderly should receive more chances to interact with their friends. 3. With respect to community care services, integration and utilization of community resources should be facilitated.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； social support ； emotional support ； instrumental support ； psychological well-being

參考文獻

林子雯（2000）。成人學生角色扮演、社會支持與幸福感之相關研究。正修學報，13，269-290。

黃毅志（1998）。社會階層、社會網絡與心理幸福。臺灣社會學刊，21，171-210。

陳律盛（2011）。大學生的社經地位、社會資本、生活型態與幸福感之研究。數據分析，6（1），1-20。

林衢良、林淑芬（2005）。大學生運動習慣、自覺健康狀況與幸福感之調查研究：以聯合大學學生為例。大專體育學術專刊，406-415。

盧俊吉、蕭崑杉、林如森、王春熙（2011）。高齡者社會支持、休閒活動與心理健康關係之研究。農業推廣文彙，56，99-108。