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  • 學位論文

不同辣椒品種雜交後代選拔以提升其品質與農藝性狀

Selection of progeny from hybridization of Capsicum varieties to improve quality and agronomic traits

指導教授 : 謝清祥

摘要


辣椒的栽培目前已經由育種學家進行雜交並生產豐富品種而日益發達。而本研究目的為探討不同品系辣椒與其F1雜交組合之生長特性與辣椒素含量,測定其農藝性狀與辛辣程度之遺傳變異。在初步的試驗中,我們對於六個不同的辣椒商業品種進行形態特徵上的識別。所有的性狀在廣義遺傳率評估中顯示:果實寬度 (h2= 0.195) 與種子長度(h2 = 0.179)在選育指標上皆具有良好的潛力。此外,亦根據“Chicken heart”與“Indian ghost”不同的農藝性狀進行品種間雜交。我們成功收集到五個重複數的F1。其次,我們對於來自亞洲蔬菜中心的五個不同品系辣椒進行形態特徵上的識別。在廣義遺傳率評估之結果中亦顯示:果實重量 (h2=0.332)與結果時間(h2=0.983)在選育指標上具有良好的潛力。接著,我們在離體培養中進行所有材料的花粉活力測試。而結果顯示:收集具活力花粉之最佳時間為晴天的早上九點至十一點。在最後的試驗中,我們將所有辣椒的商業品種進行全互交,根據基因之變異性以鑑定其F1與父母本在所有性狀和辣椒素含量的關聯性。而結果顯示:雜交成功率以 “Chicken heart green” 與 “Devil scorpion” (28.3%)最高全互交中以“Chicken heart green”與“Chicken heart yellow” 於回交中的表現最佳。在F1廣義遺傳率評估之結果中顯示:結實日數 (h2=0.305) 果實重量 (h2=0.195) 為在選種考量之最佳性狀。部分F1表現異於父母者包括:在株高表現範圍(17 cm- 24 cm)方面低於父母本 (27-54 cm);在果實長度範圍(3.1- 4 cm)方面高於父母本 (2-3 cm);在成熟天數(54)方面則具有低於父母本 (60-61)。藉由全互交F1進行辣椒素含量的測定。 “Chicken heart green”與 “Indian ghost” 之F1 (14805.61 ppm) ; “Chicken heart green”與 “Chicken heart yellow” 之F1 (3793 ppm) 在雜交組合中顯示其具有最高的潛力作為良好的食物、收益與生物蟲害防治的來源。以上所有在商業品系、亞蔬中心品系以及包含花粉活力測試及全互交選育結果乃是建立在能適應台灣 (NPUST) 環境之性狀。然而,作為一個育種學家必須觀察並瞭解植物的基因以及環境才能進行較好的選拔。因此,這些結果可作為未來在傳統育種選拔上主要的參考。

關鍵字

辣椒 性狀 辣椒素 選拔

並列摘要


Domesticated chili peppers (capsicum spp) have been developed by breeders through crosses and produce abundant varieties. This study aimed to investigate the growth characters and contents of capsaicinoid in different collected lines of chili pepper capsicum. Their F1 crosses sets were also investigated. The genetic variance on heritability of agronomic traits and pungency will be determined. In first experiment; we conducted morphological character identification from six commercial varieties. Estimation of broad sense heritability on all character suggested that fruit width (h2=0.195) and seed length (h2 = 0.179) were potentially better breeding indexes. Hybridization crosses between “Chicken heart green and Indian ghost” varieties based on their distinct agronomic traits was also carried out. We collected successful five F1 replicates and investigated their pollen fertility and yield potential on each summer and winter. Results from F1 replicates showed best months to do hybridization in (NPUST) Taiwan, is in June and July during summer season. Secondly, we conducted morphological character identification from four AVRDC lines. The results of estimation of broad sense heritability showed that fruit weight per plant (h2=0.332) and days of fruiting (h2=0.983) were potentially better in breeding indexes as well. Third, we identified all tested materials on their pollen viability under in vitro germination. The results showed that the best time for collect viable pollen is at 9 to 11 am during sunny day. For final experiment we performed a reciprocal diallel crosses to all commercial chili pepper capsicum, based on their genetic variations to identify their F1 correlation to the parents on all characters together with capsaicin contents. The results showed that within diallel cross between “Chicken heart green” and “Devil scorpion” had highest successful fruit set (28.3%) and two varieties that showed best fruit set in reciprocal are “chicken heart green” and “chicken heart yellow”. Diallel to conduct correlation and heritability were 20 quantitative. The results of estimation of broad sense heritability showed that days of fruiting (h2=0.305) followed by fruit weight (h2=0.195) were best traits to consider on selection. Part of F1 performances, showed lower than parents (27-54 cm) in plant height (17-24 cm) and higher in fruit height (3.1 – 4 cm) better than parents (2-3 cm). F1 showed earlier than parents in matured day (54 ) which parent matured day (60-61).The result capsaicin analysis showed that F1 of “Chicken heart green” cross between “Indian ghost” (14,805.61ppm) and F1 of “Chicken heart green” cross between “Chicken heart yellow” (3,793) indicated the potential as a good source of food, income, good breeding material and bio control for pest. Therefore, all selection results could be based on traits that adapted to (NPUST) Taiwan environment among (commercial lines, AVRDC lines and diallel including pollen test viability. Potentially, breeder should obtain, observed and understand the plants genes and environment in order to do better selection.

並列關鍵字

Chili pepper capsicum traits capsaicin selection

參考文獻


Garry Jacquie. (2008). RHS plant trials bulletins. Royal Horticulture Society, (p)1-12
Anand, P., and Bley, K. (2011). Topical capsaicin for pain management: therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of the new high-concentration capsaicin 8% patch. British journal of anaesthesia, 107(4): 490-502.
Bo, M. L., and Carrizo García, C. (2015). Pollen phenotyping and performance in rocoto chili (Capsicum pubescens Solanaceae L.).Journal of hydrological science , 54(1), 37-44
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