瓜地馬拉生鮮番茄出口美國之競爭力分析

Competitiveness Analysis for Guatemalan Fresh Tomato Exports to the United States

羅柏特(Roberto Roderico Hernández Chea)

指導教授 ： 黃文琪 ； 鍾惠雯

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00150

摘要

瓜地馬拉是中美洲國家，而農業活動是其最重要的經濟活動。近年來由於產量增加、外來投資增加及產品多樣化，瓜國的農產品出口有長足的增加，其中尤以出口到美國的生鮮番茄具代表性。瓜國自2006年開始得以將生鮮番茄輸往美國；在2010年，瓜國生鮮番茄銷往美國之出口值達780萬美元，佔瓜國生鮮番茄出口值之61%。然而瓜國在美國市場之市佔率遠不及主要出口國如墨西哥及加拿大，因此有必要了解出口競爭力的來源。本研究目的在於瓜國與其主要競爭對手墨西哥、加拿大、多明尼加共和國及荷蘭之相對競爭力。本研究發現在2006至2009年間，瓜國之生鮮番茄輸往美國仍不具競爭優勢，而在2010年已具競爭優勢；且所有競爭力指標皆呈現逐年改善的現象。

關鍵字

瓜地馬拉 ； 生鮮番茄 ； 競爭力 ； 農產品出口 ； 競爭優勢

並列摘要

Guatemala is located in Central America and agriculture is one of its important economic activities. A considerable rise in Guatemala’s fresh tomato exports has been observed in recent years especially to the United States. The export to the United States was US$7.8 million in 2010. The export growth is due to the marketing strategy exporters have done in the United States. Also, quality has been recognized by importers. Quality has been achieved mainly by growing in greenhouses to fulfill the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations and the procedures of the “Dominican Republic and Central America Free Trade Agreement” (DR-CAFTA). The reason to focus on the U.S. market is because the selling price is higher than the selling price in other countries. However, compared with the leading suppliers of fresh tomato to the U.S. market such as Mexico and Canada, the share from Guatemala is still quite limited. Therefore, this research aims to examine Guatemala’s relative competitiveness vis-à-vis the major exporters of fresh tomato to the United States which includes Mexico, Canada, Dominican Republic, and Netherlands. The Balassa and Vollrath indices were used to measure revealed comparative and competitive advantages by using export data from the International Trade Centre. As a result, indices showed Guatemala’s fresh tomato exports had revealed comparative advantage in 2010. Furthermore, Guatemala had revealed comparative advantage over Canada, Dominican Republic and Netherlands in the same year. Additionally, Vollrath indices; relative trade advantage (RTA), natural logarithm of relative export advantage (ln RXA), and revealed competitiveness (RC) in 2010 indicated competitive advantages in the United States. Moreover, all indices values have been increasing every year; hence, in the future if trend continues, it is expected that all indices values will rise indicating an increase in competitiveness. To summarize, despite the quite limited share of fresh tomato from Guatemala to the United States compared with Mexico and Canada, the study revealed that Guatemala can specialize in fresh tomato exports to the United States allocating more of its resources in this industry.

並列關鍵字

Guatemala ； fresh tomato ； competitiveness ； agricultural exports ； revealed comparative advantage

參考文獻

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