天然植物纖維補強聚乳酸綠色複材之研究

A Study of Polylactic Acid Green Composites Reinforced by Natural Plant Fibers

張文潔(Wen-Chieh Chang)

指導教授 ： 石燕鳳

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究是從鳳梨葉及回收竹筷等含有植物纖維的農業廢棄物中，經由曝曬、乾燥、粉碎、過篩等步驟，取得兩種短纖。再以聚乳酸作為基材，兩種植物纖維當作補強材料，結合三種材料不同的優異性質製備出新穎之生物可分解複合材料，並利Triethoxyvinylsilane
（Z-6060）偶合劑對鳳梨纖維及回收竹筷纖維等原本親水性表面進行改質，使天然植物纖維與聚乳酸基材之間的相容性有所提升，再利用熔融混煉方式製備出一種新的天然植物纖維/聚乳酸綠色複合材料。
結果顯示，改質後的植物纖維可以使聚乳酸高分子與植物纖維之間的界面黏著性提升，有效地改善複合材料的機械性質與熱性質。添加30wt%的改質纖維複合材料，拉伸強度提升了60%，而彎曲模數提升了66%。在熱性質部分，在純聚乳酸中添加30wt%的改質纖維後，其熱變形溫度由80.9℃提升至141.9℃，提升了75%。因此添加植物纖維不僅使聚乳酸之熱性質、機械性質有所提升，並且可降低材料之成本，且合乎環保之需求。

關鍵字

鳳梨葉纖維 ； 回收竹筷纖維 ； 聚乳酸 ； 綠色複合材料

並列摘要

In this study, the reinforced fibers from pineapple leaf fiber and recycled disposable chopsticks fiber were obtained through exposure, drying, grinding and sifting. The surfaces of fibers were chemically modified by triethoxy-vinylsilane (Z-6060) to improve the compatibility between the natural plant fibers and polymer matrix. Then, the novel plant fibers/polylactic acid (PLA) green composites were prepared through melt-blending method.
The results show that the addition of silane-treated plant fiber can enhance the interfacial adhesion between PLA and plant fibers. Moreover an improvement in mechanical and thermal properties was also observed. The tensile and flexural strengths of PLA were improved about 60% and 66% when reinforced with 30 wt% modified fibers. In the aspect of thermal properties, the HDT of pure PLA can be increased from 80.9OC to 141.9OC with the addition of 30 wt% modified fibers, and the improvement was about 75%. Apart from enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability, the incorporation of natural fibers can reduce the production cost of materials while meeting the demands of environmental protection agencies.

並列關鍵字

green composites ； polylactic acid ； recycled disposable chopsticks fiber ； pineapple leaf fiber

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