空氣中奈米微粒多環芳香烴化合物分析研究

Sampling and Analysis of Nano-Particle Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere

何麟(Cedric Ho)

指導教授 ： 楊錫賢

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

奈米微粒，亦可稱之為超細微粒(Ultrafine Particles, UP < 100 nm)在相同質量下比大微粒具有更大的表面積，誘發之氧化壓力效應相對較大，有研究指出空氣中的半揮發有機物(Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds, SVOCs)易吸附於奈米微粒上，而SVOCs中的多環芳香碳氫化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)因具有突變性與致癌性，特別受到學者重視；人體受PAHs之危害決定於PAHs之氣相/粒狀物相分佈及粒狀物相PAHs之粒徑分佈，因此有必要瞭解PAHs之氣相/粒狀物相分佈與不同粒徑大小微粒之PAHs含量。
本研究開發一套可降低量測誤差之空氣奈米微粒中PAHs濃度之系統AD-MOUDI-PUF，此系統利用環形擴散採樣管(Annual denuder, AD)填充XAD-4吸附劑，裝設於微孔均勻沈積衝擊器(Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor, MOUDI)前端，先吸附氣相PAHs，排除氣相PAHs對後端微孔均勻沈積衝擊器所採集微粒之採樣誤差，並於最後端裝設聚氨基甲酸酯泡棉(polyurethane foam, PUF)檢視微粒上PAHs之揮發採樣誤差。研究結果顯示，使用8個通道，長度為60 cm的環形擴散採樣管，以流量30 L/min可有效吸附(移除)氣相PAHs，而AD-MOUDI-PUF系統使用鐵氟龍濾紙與石英濾紙檢測之PM0.1 PAHs濃度分別為1.87 ± 0.03 ng/m3與2.01 ± 0.08 ng/m3；若使用環形擴散採樣管移除氣相PAHs時，會使得MOUDI的PM0.1濾紙上15種PAHs濃度採樣結果較為正確，但若未經環形擴散採樣管移除氣相PAHs時會使得氣相PAHs進入濾紙後端的PUF，造成採樣之負向偏差。將AD-MOUDI-PUF系統與傳統式MOUDI-PUF系統進行比較，傳統式MOUDI-PUF使用石英濾紙採集PAHs約有50% 的正向偏差，顯示過去學者研究明顯高估粒狀物相PAHs濃度。

關鍵字

奈米微粒 ； 超細微粒 ； 多環芳香碳氫化合物 ； 環形擴散採樣管 ； 微孔均勻沈積衝擊器 ； 採樣誤差

並列摘要

Several studies have concluded that nano particulates or ultra-fine particulates (< 0.1 μm in diameter, UPs) disproportionately induce oxidative stress in cells and are more toxic than larger particles of similar composition. It is also found that semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) tend to adsorb on UPs. Among the SVOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of particular concern because several PAHs are potent mutagens and carcinogens. It is important to measure the real concentrations of atmospheric ultra-fine PAHs for the assessment of their health effects.
A PAH sampling system which composed of annual denuder (AD), micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and polyurethane foam (PUF) in series is developed in this study. The collection efficiency of gaseous PAHs, positive and negative artifacts and particle loss for the AD and the sampling performance of the AD-MOUDI-PUF were evaluated. The annular denuder is 60 cm in length with 8 annuli. The results show that the annular denuder coated with ground XAD-4 at the flow rate of 30 L/min can trap the gaseous PAHs effectively. The average PAH concentrations of PM0.1 were 1.87 ± 0.03 and 2.01 ± 0.08 ng/m3 for AD-MOUDI-PUF sampler using Teflon filter and quartz filter. AD can remove PAHs effectively. A large amount of gaseous PAHs will absorb by the PUF and further lead to the positive artifacts without the AD. For example, 50% positive artifacts will be caused while quartz fiber filter was used.

並列關鍵字

annular denuder ； MOUDI ； artifact ； ultra-fine particle ； PAHs ； nano particle

參考文獻

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