台灣電力需量反應負載管理措施之研究-以需量競價為案例

主要探討電力需量反應負載管理重要性，有效管理電力負載，將尖峰負載電力以整合分散電源應用方式，和尖峰負載電力有效管理均衡應用，縮短尖峰負載電力與離峰電力的差距，使得電業一方面減少發電成本支出，另一方面提高備載容量，以穩定電力供應無虞，達到免除停限電危機。本文以個案研究方式針對需量反應負載管理「需量競價」措施，主要用戶参加「需量競價」措施門檻低，只要抑低契約容量50瓩以上即可，但執行率偏低是電業無法掌控用戶主因，作為本文研究主要目的。個案研究選定4家(特)高壓用戶作為研究對象，選擇理由一，以經常契約容量最小400瓩，最大18,000瓩；選擇理由二，行業別有傳統製造業、紡織業、大學校區、一般製造業等，訪談對象均是經理級以上人員，從訪談內容得到寶貴資訊，再從台電人員現場推廣過程中，碰到企業公司一連串質疑問題與應對方式，然後執行過程中每月執行次數（表3-1）頻繁到105年底結束，發生種種問題與遇到挫折，將資料彙整作為台電公司日後改進「需量競價」措施及微調的方針。經由資料分析發現及個案研究結果如下：一、推廣「需量競價」措施業務，必須接洽到公司高階決策人員，展現對電業忠誠度中等以上程度的感受，成效有加分作用。二、推廣「需量競價」措施業務，要能讓用戶對電業認同，認同度越高推廣本項措施越能順利成功。三、執行率低乃是用戶對電業忠誠度存有部分差異。四、以高電價作為電費扣減誘因，具有中介效果。根據上述結果，本研究提出相關的建議與後續研究供相關單位参考。

關鍵字

電力負載管理；停限電危機；需量競價

並列摘要

This essay is aim to discuss the important role of electricity demand response load management. With effective electricity load management and integrate dispersed manner, the peak load power supply can be balanced, furthermore, shorten the gap of peak and trough load power. Power supply industry not only cut off the generation cost, but also elevate reserve margin. All these efforts hope to stabilize the power supply chain and avoid power crisis. This essay analyzed the “Demand bidding” method in demand response operation with case study. The most important issue is that power industry can’t control their users due to the low qualifications of participants (just to decrease the contract load up to 50kw) and low executive rate. We focus on 4 high-voltage power used company as our case study subject, including textile industry, university, traditional and general manufacturing industry, and the contract load of these company are usually between 400 kw and 18,000 kw. We received valuable information from interview, each one who engaged in this project is manager level or above. During the interview, Taipower and company representatives discussed series of question and solution. The whole process continued monthly till the end of 2016 (Table 3-1). It has been lots of problems and frustration when conducting the whole project. The result would be organized and analyzed to provide suggestion to Taipower demand bidding operation. After summarized and analyzed, the case study showed that 1. To popularize demand bidding operation more smoothly, we must access the board member, showing a sense of moderate degree of organizational loyalty. 2. To popularize demand bidding operation more smoothly, we must build trust between users and power supplier. 3. The main reason of low executive rate is the divergence of loyalty between users and power supplier. 4. The high price could have beneficial effect on electricity deduction incentives In summary, this study provided some suggestions and follow-up studies for reference by relevant department.