海洛因成癮者接受美沙冬替代療法生活品質之影響

Quality of Life for Heroin Addicts accepting Methadone maintenance treatment

吳美惠(Mei-Hui Wu)

指導教授 ： 葉季森

中臺科技大學/管理學院/健康產業管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討美沙冬替代療法前後海洛因成癮者之生活品質差異，
以提供擬訂海洛因成癮者健康管理計畫之參考。採準實驗研究(Quasi-experimental design)之單組時間系列設計(time-series design)，比較海洛因成癮者使用美沙冬替代療法前及治療後三、六個月生活品質之差異。以台灣中部地區接受美沙冬替代療法患者為收案對象，在2010年4月至11月止，完成三次訪談者為研究對象共320人。以世界衛生組織生活品質問卷-台灣簡明版【WHOQOL-BREF（TW）】來測量生活品質。研究結果顯示：男性(91.56％)，女性(8.44％)，平均年齡39.68歲；國中及以下教育程度者60.00％；無業者47.19％；未婚者45.94％；有固定住所94.38％；首次使用毒品平均年齡24.13歲，首次使用海洛因平均年齡26.03歲，多以靜脈注射海洛因80.00％，海洛因每天平均使用3.20次，每天購買海洛因平均花費3910元，海洛因半錢可使用平均5.4天，與他人共用針頭/空針者11.25％，與他人共用注射準備溶液者18.44％；感染愛滋病毒者22.81％；罹患C型肝炎者85.31％；曾有毒品前科74.69％。結論：使用美沙冬替代療法者主要為中壯年男性，國中教育程度，無業，以靜脈注射海洛因及有八成五患者罹患C型肝炎。海洛因成癮者接受美沙冬替代療法滿六個月後，整體及生理健康、心理、社會關係及環境四大範疇之生活品質，均優於治療前及治療後三個月，可見持續接受美沙冬替代療法能有效改善生活品質。建議鼓勵海洛因成癮者，有耐心的長期接受美沙冬替代療法，杜絕海洛因再次使用，提昇生活品質。

關鍵字

海洛因成癮者 ； 美沙冬替代療法 ； 生活品質

並列摘要

With Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT), this study aims to discuss the difference in the quality of life (QOL) for heroin addicts so as to draw up a health management project for heroin addicts. With the single time-series design in Quasi-experimental design, the differences in QOL before applying MMT and three and six months after using are compared. With 320 patients who accepted MMT in central Taiwan as the subjects, three interviews were preceded within April – November, 2010. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL questionnaire– Brief reference for Taiwan (WHOQOL-BREF (TW)), the quality of life was measured. The findings show male (91.56％), female (8.44％), and average age 39.68 years old; the educational background below junior high school 60.00％; unemployed 47.19％; single 45.94％, having fixed abode 94.38％; average age for first use of drugs 24.13 years old; average age for first use of heroin 26.03 years old; having heroin with intravenous injection 80.00％; average use of heroin 3.20 times each day; average expense on heroin 3,910 NT dollars each day; average use of half mace of heroin 5.4 days; sharing needles with others 11.25%, sharing preparation solution injection with others 18.44%; infected with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) 22.81%; suffering from Hepatitis C 85.31％; and having prior convictions on drugs 74.69％. It is concluded that most patients accepting MMT are middle-aged, unemployed male with the educational background of junior high school, having heroin with intravenous injection, and 85% suffering from Hepatitis C. Six months after the heroin addicts accepting MMT, overall and physiological health, psychology, social relations, and environment in QOL presented better than they did before and three months after the therapy. Apparently, continuously accepting MMT could effectively improve the quality of life. The heroin addicts are suggested to patiently and permanently accept MMT to put an end to the use of heroin as well as to promote the quality of life.

並列關鍵字

heroin addiction ； Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) ； Quality of Life ( QOL)

參考文獻

edition. Taiwan, Taipei.

政院衛生署疾病管理局。

陸玓玲(1998 )．台灣地區生活品質研究概況．中華衛誌，17(6), 442-57。

(2007/09/04)．行政院衛生署資料庫．2010年11月10日取自

行政院衛生署(2007)．美沙冬替代療法治療指引．台北市：行政院衛生署疾