研究動機與背景 隨著社會型態、經濟結構及生活環境的轉變,台灣的人口結構與疾病型態亦同時發生轉變。慢性病在近年來,已經成為台灣地區十大死因的疾病類型。在抽菸、喝酒等危害行為越來越受民眾重視,且有減少的趨勢下,飲食與疾病的關係將倍受重視。因此本篇探討社會經濟地位與飲食型態的關係,以及和疾病的相關。 研究方法 使用1993-1996年台灣地區國民營養狀況變遷調查,排除缺漏的資料後共4042人(男性2017人,女性2025人)。飲食型態是以集群分析方法,作為飲食型態的分群。社經地位與飲食型態的關係,以多重類別邏輯斯迴歸來分析;疾病危險性則是以邏輯斯迴歸來分析。 研究結果 個人社經地位較高飲食型態也比較健康,地區收入高的比較不容易有健康的飲食型態。教育年數、地區失業率高的人都有同樣的趨勢,即攝取較高油脂類的食物,但同時亦多攝取蔬菜水果。居住在地區收入高的人,其慢性病罹患率高於地區收入低的的人。 建議 研究者建議,將來有關社經地位與飲食型態的研究,可以加入個人收入、地區都市化程度,以及食物購買能力及取得的便利性,這樣關於飲食型態以及社經地位的討論,將更加完整。
Objective: This study aimed to investigate relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES), dietary patterns and chronic disease. Method: By using data from Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 1993-1996, 4042 samples were analyzed with aged 18 to 64. Educational level and occupational status were used as indicators of individual level socioeconomic status, area unemployment rate and area household income were used as indicators of area level socioeconomic status. Dietary pattern was measured using food frequency (weekly) by cluster analysis. Socioeconomic status and dietary pattern were assumed to affect chronic disease, and the effects were examined by multinomial logistic regression and logistic regression. Result: Individual-base level socioeconomic status higher, dietary pattern more health, and the higher of ‘area household income’ the less healthy dietary pattern. The people with high education level and living in high area unemployment rate have the conflict dietary patterns, that is, they liked to eat fat and meat, at the same time also liked to eat vegetable and fruit. Conclusion and Suggestion: We suggest that the individual income, development of city, food purchasing ability and access to food should be the independent factors in the future study model, to clarify the relationship between socioeconomic status and dietary pattern.