台灣老年人之主觀幸福感與健康資本相關因素探討

Factors Associated with subjective well-being and health capital for the elderly in Taiwan

林玉菁(YU-JING LIN)

指導教授 ： 廖宏恩 ； 張明正

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究利用台灣長期追蹤資料，以貫時性的觀點，探討老年人之健康資本相關因子對其主觀幸福感的預測能力。所涉及之基本假設為：在控制社會人口因素後，健康資本因子（1996年健康資本，生理相關健康和心理功能，社會支持系統之投資和健康照護/保險給付）能夠預測1999年主觀幸福感（自覺健康狀況、憂鬱症狀、及生活滿意度）。
統計結果確實印証健康資本因子之特殊貢獻（總變異量R2），對主觀幸福感的三個項目之測量有顯著預測力。台灣老年人，社會人口特性對其主觀幸福感上扮演的解釋能力非常小，然在控制老年人健康資本後，教育對1999自覺健康和生活滿意度仍有預測能力，且女性老年人較於男性老年人有較高的自覺憂鬱及較少生活滿意度。
總之，台灣老年人從自覺健康、憂鬱狀況和生活滿意度的次序來看，以1996年健康資本對1999年自覺憂鬱之預測為最有力的因子。
此外，每一個預測因子包含有1996年自覺健康、自覺憂鬱、生活滿意度和生理及心理健康，不僅只與1999年自覺憂鬱和生活滿意度與社會支持有相關。同樣的，也會有一些例外，但大多1996年健康資本因子皆能預測1999年自覺健康。
由於健康資本因子與主觀幸福感有強烈相關，對於在健康資本上健康促進之投資似乎很重要，早期介入和預防（投資）健康資本之測量，與整合年長者在健康教育核心問題和健康預防為目標，來改進老年人現在或未來對主觀幸福感之感受，則對往後產生健康之影響可能會有更好的結果。

關鍵字

健康資本 ； 主觀幸福感 ； 生理功能 ； 心理功能 ； 社會支持

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the elderly´s health capital factors on subjective well-being. Through the use of cohort perspectives and panel data in Taiwan, the basic hypothec is health capital factors (1996 health capital, health-related physical and mental functioning, investment by social support system, and health care / insurance coverage) are able to predict 1999 subjective well-being (perceived health, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction) after controlling for socio-demographic factors.
Statistical evidences clo show that the unique contribution of the health capital factors (the incremental R2) was dominant in predicting all three subjective well-being measures. The socio-demographic characteristics only play a small role in explaining the subjective well-being for the elderly in Taiwan. Education was still a useful predictor for the 1999 perceived health and perceived life satisfaction. Also, female elderly were some what less likely to have perceived depression and perceived life satisfaction that for male elderly after controlling the health capital of the elderly.
Overall, the 1996 health capital of the elderly in Taiwan was the most powerful factors to predict the 1999 perceived depression followed by perceived health, and by life satisfaction in order. In addition, each of the predictors including 1996 perceived health, perceived depression and life satisfaction together with physical and mental health, as well as social support was associated with the 1999 perceived depression and life satisfaction. Similarly, with few exceptions, most of the 1996 health capital factors predicted the 1999 perceived health.
Since the health capital factors are strongly associated with the subjective well-being. It seems important to invest health capital for health promotion. Early intervention and prevention (investments) on all of the previous health capital measure may make better outcome .Therefore, integrating into senior centers programs of health education and health prevention aimed at improving elders´ perceptions of their health may effect the influence of this subjective well-being now and on the future.

並列關鍵字

health capital ； Mental functioning ； social support ； subjective well-being ； health-related physical

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