隨著人口老化問題日趨明顯,高齡現象已成為世界各國之重要議題,本研究主要目的在分析影響台灣地區退休老人生活滿意度之多重因素結構,並瞭解其生活現況,配合相關文獻論述,探討其人口學變項、健康狀況、經濟狀況、社會支持與交換、休閒活動與態度、看法等與生活滿意度之關係,期能提出建議,供衛生主管機關未來研訂高齡政策之參考。 本研究為「民國92年台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤(第五次)調查」資料庫問卷資料,個案來源為國民健康局於民國92年針對全台灣地區331個平地鄉鎮市區,在民國85年底年滿50歲以上之男女人口,以三段分層系統隨機抽樣法取樣,至民國92年仍存活,年滿57歲之2,139名退休老人,追蹤調查建立之健康常模及其生活行為等基本資料庫作樣本分析,目的在探討影響台灣地區退休老人生活滿意度之預測因子。 研究結果顯示:教育程度、宗教信仰、居住地區、有無配偶是影響退休老人生活滿意度之人口學相關因素;自覺健康狀況、慢性病數、看病方便性體能活動、ADL、IADL失能程度等健康狀況與生活滿意度在統計上具顯著意義;自覺生活費用開支充裕程度越高,生活滿意度越高;與其他家人同住的老人比獨居老人有較高的生活滿意度、家人、親友關心程度、自覺對此關心的滿意度及生病時家人、親友可依靠的程度越高,生活滿意度越高;此外退休老人每週運動頻率、參與之休閒、社團活動數。亦會影響其生活滿意度,有義務性社會服務工作者,其生活滿意度明顯高於沒有義務性社會服務工作者。 多項複迴歸分析結果:自覺健康狀況、看病方便性、單獨活動能力、生活費用開支充裕程度、每週運動頻率、參與之休閒種類數目、自覺家人、親友關心程度、自覺對此關心的滿意度,及生病時家人、親友可依靠的程度,對退休老人之生活滿意度均具解釋力及影響力。綜上所述,面對台灣逐年增加之長壽老年退休人口,建議政府相關單位應加強社區營造,鼓勵老人從事運動及參與休閒活動,同時,儘早規劃完整就醫醫療體系,增加老人看病方便性,以提昇未來台灣老人之生活品質。
In recent years,the population of the aged is relatively increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of life satisfaction among the retired elderly in Taiwan. The source of data used in this study was based on the 2003 “Survey of the Health and Living Status of the Middle-Aged and the Elderly in Taiwan”, which was a face-to-face interview survey conducted by Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health. The samples who were 57 years old or more were selected, and totally 2,139 retired persons were included in the analysis. The retired elder who lived with others had higher life satisfaction than those who lived alone. Those who were reported better self-rated health, showed normal function of instrumental activities of daily living, having less stress, without depressive symptoms, satisfied with families supports or economic status, and more attending leisure activities, had a better life satisfaction. The retired elderly who live with their family or relatives could get higher life satisfaction compared with those living alone. The policy should consider how to enlarge the health support network, improve the exercise or leisure environment, and encourage the participation in leisure activities are suggested to improve the subjective well-being for the retired elderly.
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