中低收入戶主要照顧者親職壓力與健康生活品質探討

Parental Stress and Quality of Life for the primary care givers of pre-school children in the mid-income families

賴亭文(Ting-Wen Lai)

指導教授 ： 王俊毅

亞洲大學/健康學院/長期照護研究所在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

研究背景：兒童主要照顧者肩負了工作壓力、家庭責任、社會期待等多重生活壓力，若不適時減壓，可能造成其親職壓力甚至影響生活品質。中低收入戶家庭因處於經濟弱勢、社經地位低落，在照顧學齡前兒童可能承受更高的壓力，所以，中低收入戶家庭主要照顧者親職壓力及生活品質是不容忽視的問題。
研究目的：探討中低收入戶主要照顧者親職壓力與健康生活品質及相關影響因素。
研究方法：以彰化縣列冊低收入戶、中低收入戶學齡前兒童之主要照顧者(父母、祖父母)為研究對象使用結構式問卷訪談，內容包括研究對象之基本屬性資料、短型親職壓力量表、中文版SF-36健康生活品質量表、高風險家庭評估表。研究共回收有效問卷420份，所收集資料經編譯建檔後，以套裝軟體SPSS 12.0 for windows進行資料分析。
結果：中低收入戶家庭兒童主要照顧者為父或母約佔69%、女性約佔79%、年齡多為26-35歲、其次為36-45歲；學齡前兒童排行老大者約佔43%、3歲(含)以上約佔78%、女童約佔51%。相較於非高風險家庭組，高風險家庭組患有特殊疾病之兒童比例較高(P=0.003)，「困難兒童」(P=0.009)、「親職愁苦」(P=0.024)的親職壓力較大，心理(MCS)及生理面向(PCS)之生活品質均較差(P<0.001, P<0.001)。多元迴歸分析發現，主要照顧者身分為祖父母(P<0.001)、身心障礙者(P<0.001)、自覺健康差(P<0.001)，其生理面向生活品質較差。主要照顧者為身心障礙者(P=0.008)、自覺健康差(P<0.001)、親職愁苦之親職壓力較大(P<0.001)者，其心理面向生活品質較差。
結論：建議政府相關單位可多辦理親職教育、育兒技巧等實務課程，並整合相關資源、社會福利、專業諮詢和協助，輔導中低收入戶家庭的兒童主要照顧者。

關鍵字

中低收入戶 ； 主要照顧者 ； 親職壓力 ； 生活品質 ； 學齡前兒童

並列摘要

Background: The primary care givers of children shoulder work pressure, family and social responsibility. It could cause negative effects on parental stress and quality of life of the care givers without proper press releases. The care givers in mid or low-income families might take care of their children under higher pressure because of the lower socioeconomic status. Therefore, parental stress and quality of life of the primary care givers of children should be important issues in the mid or low-income families.
Purposes: The study was aimed to understand the parental stress and quality of life and the associated factors for the primary care givers of pre-school children in the mid or low-income families.
Methods: The samples in the study were the primary care givers of 0-6 years old pre-school children in mid or low-income families in Changhua County. Individuals were recruited and interviewed with a structural questionnaire, which include social-demographic data, the short form of parental stress scale, the Chinese version of quality of life scale (SF-36) and a table to evaluate high risk family. The study collected 420 effective questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed with the statistical package, SPSS 12.0 for windows.
Results: In the mid or low-income families, 69% of the primary care givers were parents, 79% were females, most were aged around 26-35 y/o or 36-45 y/o. 43% of the pre-school children were the first-born, 78% were 3 years old or older, 51% were girls. Comparing to non-high-risk families, high-risk families presented a higher proportion of diseased children (P=0.003), higher “difficult child” (P=0.009) and “parental distress” (P=0.024) on parental stress, and worse Mental and Physical Component Summary (MCS, PCS) on quality of life. According to multiple regression analyses, the primary care givers who were grandparents (P<0.001), physical disability (P<0.001) and perceived worse health status performed worse Physical Component Summary on quality of life. The primary care givers who perceived worse health status (P<0.001), were physical disability (P=0.008) and higher parental distress on parental stress (P<0.001) performed worse Mental Component Summary on quality of life.
Conclusions: We suggest the government to hold more practical courses on parenting skill, education and consultation and integrate related resources, welfare services and professional assistances for the primary care givers of children in mid or low-income families.

並列關鍵字

mid-income families ； primary care givers ； parental stress ； quality of life ； pre-school children

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