影響執行職業健康與安全管理之因素研究以蒙古國家為例

當企業面對環境快速的變遷，尤其蒙古的礦業公司如何改善員工職業安全與健康管理(OHSM)，以期達到公司營運目標更顯得非常重要。一般已意識到改善OHSM建置的因素，可以減少工作死亡人數以及增加公司效率。過去學者針對蒙古OHSM進行的研究較少，因此本研究的目的是提供一OHSM的探索性研究與調查在蒙古的七大礦業公司在建置OHSM的實際情形，並透過量化研究方法找出五個影響因素，以及執行職業健康和安全管理水平。結果顯示，相關的五個構面各有不相同影響程度。利用因素負荷量，得到最有影響力的因素有如下：法令與法規，客戶的壓力，投資，整合OHSM和組織文化。從政府單位關於職業安全和健康的投資報告，以及專家的訪談發現，特別是在投資方面更顯得不足。這一發現是值得注意，有職業健康與安全專家一致認為，他們的公司花費少於生產和服務成本的1％經費，投資在實施OHSM上。另一值得注意的是，在蒙古的礦業公司的經營管理者應該提高員工的整體意識，作好全面質量管理及整合其效益到其他管理工作上。多數的客戶不重視健康和安全，他們往往忽視職業安全的重要性；由研究報告中得知，組織缺乏強有力的優良傳統文化，來鼓勵蒙古礦業公司建置OHSM，以致影響OHSM的實施。最後，透過本RIOHSM的研究，發現建置一優良的OHSM有助於減少與工作有關的死亡事故。結論：礦業公司應著眼於重視法令與法規的正當性，減少客戶的壓力，增加投入，提升職業健康和安全管理。最後，本碩士論文有助於提供蒙古礦業公司實施OHSM之參考。

關鍵字

影響因素；投資；整合OHSM ；資方壓力；組織文化與法令規章；建置OHSM

並列摘要

Mining companies in Mongolia should implement Occupational Health and Safety management (OHSM) to face rapidly booming mining sector and to help mining companies to achieve business goals. Being aware of influential factors on the OHSM is needed to reduce work-related fatalities and increase company’s efficiency. Less research has been conducted for identifying influential factors on the implementation of OHSM in Mongolia. Thus, the intent of this study is to provide general overview of OHSM and investigating correlation of five factors influencing to the implementation of occupational health and safety management among mining companies operating in Mongolia by using quantitative research method. The result show that correlation of five domains varies. Using factor loading to examine the most influential factor to the least influential factors are shown as follows: Act & regulation, client pressure, investment, integrated OHSM and organizational culture. In addition, lack of adequate investment from government was reported by the majority of OHS specialists. This finding is noteworthy in that there was OHS specialist agreement that their companies do not spend at least 1 % of their production and service cost to the implementation of OHSM. It is also noteworthy that the mining companies operating in Mongolia should enhance employees’ overall awareness of Total Quality Management and its benefit of integration to the other managements. Most clients place little importance on health and safety and they often ignore occupational safety. Lack of setting strong organizational culture that promotes implementation of OHSM in Mongolian mining companies is reported by OHS specialists. Finally, passing OHS related Act to the RIOHSM contributes to reducing work-related fatalities was found. Conclusions are drawn that the mining companies should focus on adaptation of act & regulation properly, reducing client pressure and increasing investment to the Occupational Health and Safety management. Finally, this master thesis contributes to the implementation of OHSM in Mongolia for reference.

並列關鍵字

Influential factors ； investment ； integrated OHSM ； client pressure ； organizational culture ； act and regulation ； implementation of OHSM

參考文獻

Hussey, J. and Hussey, R. (1997). Business Research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. pp.54.

Adler, N. J. (1997). International dimensions of organizational behavior, 3rd edition, p. 63.

Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (1993). ACSNI Human Factors Study Group: Third Report; Organizing for Safety HMSO

Bless, C. and Higson. S.C. (2000). Fundamentals of social research methods: An African Perspective. 3rd edition. p.15.

Bryman, A. and Cramer, D. (1990). Quantitative data analysis of social scientists. London: Roitletge. pp. 34-35

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影響執行職業健康與安全管理之因素研究以蒙古國家為例

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