兩岸政治互動與體育交流－非開放期(1981.3－1988.12)

本文從兩岸政治情勢與互動策略，分析兩岸體育交流的發展與限制，提出對未來交流的建議。綜觀兩岸體育交流的軌跡，可分為非開放期、台灣單向期、兩岸雙向期三個階段：第一階段可分曲線交流期(1981.3-1987.11)與單向潛交流期(1987.11-1988.12)，第二階段可分民間單向交流期(1988.12-1989.4)與準單向交流期(1989.4-1992.9)，第三階段迄今僅發展至準雙向交流期(1992.9)。就非開放期之研究，發現兩岸體育交流的演變，實與彼此政治情勢與互動策略息息相關，更受交流目的層面高低的影響。主要推力：就中國言，是將「奧會模式」作為體現「一國兩制」的樣版，因此一手誘引、一手逼迫台灣進行交流；就台灣言，教育「祖國化」、經濟自由化與民主轉型，所形成的中國情結、社會活力及民意導向，迫使台灣開放。主要阻力：就中國言，一因擔心叛逃而懼開放，又因堅持一國兩制而難建立互信；就台灣言，一因「三不政策」的堅持，又因對中國外交孤立、矮化台灣等作為的不安全感。建議應本理性、對等、互惠、合作為原則，視「奧會模式」為兩岸建立互信的平台，相互協助申辦理國際賽會，並為相關議題積極展開對話。

關鍵字

兩岸體育；奧會模式；政治；體育

並列摘要

This context analyzes the development of cross-straits physical education and factor of limit from the public circumstances and interflow. Then it makes suggestions to our future interflow in physical education. A comprehensive survey reveals that the locus if cross-straits physical education can be divided into three stages: the term not-open to the public; the term of unidirectional Taiwan; the term of cross-strait exchange. Otherwise, the first stage can also distinguish curve exchange (March 1981-Nov. 1987) one-way latent exchange. The second stage can be separated into non-governmental exchange (Dec. 1988-April 1989), one-way absolute of facial exchange (April 1989-Sep.1992). The third stage has only developsed as two-way exchange till now (Sep. 1992~). As to the research of not-open to public access, the evolvement of interflow of cross-straits physical education actually related. It can be seen physical education interflow and public situation are closely linked. In addition, it will be influenced by the level of interflow each other. The main thrusts are the wollowing. First, Chine regards model of the Olympic game as an important part of ”one country, two systems”, and lure positively in order to compel Taiwan government to agree underflow. On the other hand, for Taiwan, economic development and translation of democaracy, education policy on ”Chineseization” take shapes ”China complex”; besides, rich society and the will of the citizenry leading, the government has no alternative but to make internal market open to the public. The main resistance: China does not dare to allow their people ahead to Taiwan because of fear of their running away, and from ”one country, two systems”, it is hard to build shared confidence. As to Taiwan, because of the insistence on ”3 No Policy: and non-sense of security from diplomacy blockaded, a grade lower into Taiwan. The researcher proposes that cross-straits have to assist each other to handle international competition, and launch conversation to relative issues. Based ont rational ness, reciprocally, mutually beneficial and cooperation, model of Olympic Game already a ”one China standard” name.