探究《易經》蒙卦的教育思維對體育教學理念上的啓發

《易經》蒙卦蘊含豐富的教育思維，孔子被稱為「至聖先師」，為偉大的教育家。觀現今體育教學法，不是借自於教育教學法，就是由學者專家自國外引進。為了想瞭解我國古代經典所蘊含的教育思想，是否對體育教學有所助益，故本文研究的目的為：一、詮釋《易經》蒙卦的教育思維，由此卦瞭解古聖先賢施教的觀念與方法。二、闡述《論語》中孔子的教學思想，瞭解孔子的教學方法。三、擷取此二者與現今體育教學理念上的相合處，以期對體育教學中的施教者與受教者，均能得到啓發。本文研究方法採用文獻分析法，用以經解經的方法，尋求將此二者教育思維能融會貫通，進而能實際運用於現今體育教學上。經分析探討各章節後發現，《易經》蒙卦和《論語》中孔子的古典教育觀，如啟發式教學、有教無類、因材施教、學習貴乎專心、同儕學習、自我反省、誨人不倦、以身作則，從運動中培養德行等教育思想，均適用於現今體育教學。

關鍵字

易經；蒙卦；論語；體育教學

並列摘要

It is deemed that profound educational thoughts are inherited in the interpretation of Meng-gua in the ”Book of Change”. By studying the ancient documents on how it influences over physical education pedagogy nowadays, this article had three purposes. First, by interpreting the Meng-gua in the ”Book of Change” in terms of the educational thoughts, we learned the ancient scholars' teaching concepts. Second, by interpreting ”What Confucius Said” in terms of teaching thoughts, we understand Confucius' teaching methodology. Third, by combining the teaching rationale in common for the above, it was expected that both teachers and learners would be enlightened from the physical education pedagogy perspective. The methodology of ”document analysis” was applied to this study. By interpreting Meng-gua of ”Book of Change” and the educational outlook derived from ”What Confucius Said”, it was observed that the teaching approaches such as inspiration, teaching for all walks of life, teaching students in accordance with aptitude, peer learning, and indefatigable teaching, etc., could be applied to the modern physical education pedagogy.