大學運動員心理技能應用情形之分析－以台灣體育學院為例

Application of Psychological Skills for Athletes

劉琪(Chee Liou)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 3期 (2003/11) Pp. 21-42

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20031101_(3).0002

摘要

本研究的目的是瞭解運動員心理技能之應用情形，以國立台灣體育學院運動代表隊選手為研究對象。採用「運動心理技能使用情形量表」來測量受試者的運動心理技能使用情形，及運動員的年齡、性別、參與的校隊、開運動年齡、已經投入的時間及獲得的最高運動成就等。共使用六種心理技能，包括逆境調適、壓力處理、專注力、自信心、動機及可教導性。
受試者由289位男性及199位女性，共488位國立台灣體育學院二十種運動代表隊選手所組成。本研究得到的結果如下：
一、運動員認為最重要的心理技能為自信心（M=9.07，SD=1.54）。
二、接受最多訓練的心理技能為可教導性（M=7.72，SD=2.32）。
三、運動員獲得心理技能的最重要來源是運動心理學相關課程，其他依序為教練、教科書、隊友、父母及老師等。
四、男性遲動員認為動機及逆境調適此二項心理技能的重要性大於女性運動員。
五、個人性運動員對專注力此項心理技能的重要性大於團體性運動員。
六、個人性運動員在動機、自信心及可教導性三項心理技能接受的訓練高於團體性運動員。
本研究的結論是國內外大學遲動員一致認為自信是最重要的心理技能，也證實不同性別和個人性及團體性運動員心理技能使用情形有顯著的差異。

關鍵字

因應技能 ； 個人性運動員 ； 團體性運動員 ； 大專運動員

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of psychological skills to athletes in sport programs of the National Taiwan College of Physical Education. The psychological skills in current study included coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, concentration, confidence, motivation and coachability. The instrument of this study was the Utilization of Psychological Skills Inventory which collected background information from athletes, including the athlete’s sport, gender, age, and highest level of competitive achievement as well as measured how important athletes thought psychological skill training themselves.
The total 488 volunteers in this study consisted of 289 male and 199 female athletes from the National Taiwan College of Physical Education. The results of this study revealed the following findings:
1. The athletes rated confidence (M= 9.07, SD= 1.54) was the most important psychological skill.
2. The athletes thought that coachability was the most intensive training in the psychological skills of (M= 7.72, SD= 2.32).
3. The important resources of psychological skills for athletes were exercise psychology-related courses, coaches, textbooks, teammates, parents, and teacher.
4. In athletes’ ranking the most important psychological skills, male athletes were significantly higher on motivation and coping with adversity than female athletes.
5. Individual athletes were significantly higher on concentration than team athletes.
6. In athletes’ ranking of the highest level of training psychological skills, individual athletes were significantly higher on motivation, confidence and coachability than team athletes.
In conclusion, this study indicated that confidence was the most important psychological skill for both domestic and international athletes. This study also showed the significant differences for utilization of psychological skills in different categories such as individual athletes, team athletes, and gender.

並列關鍵字

coping skills ； collegiate athletes ； individual and team athletes

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