新渡戶稻造之武士道與商人道

Nitobe Inazô's Bushido and Syonindo

簡曉花(Shiaw-Hua Chien)

《教育暨外國語文學報》 2期 (2005/12) Pp. 27-41

https://doi.org/10.6372/JEFLL.200512.0027

摘要

世界名著《武士道》一書之作者新渡戶稻造(1862-1933)，其出身為武士階級。1868年明治維新後，原本與商業活動無緣之武士階級，失去了昔日之俸祿及地位，因此，其生存方式以及其所講究之武士道亦隨之遭受嚴苛考驗；然而，新渡戶家族卻是當中少數成功轉型經商之武士家族。因此，當我們在理解掌握新渡戶之思想時，其對於武士道與商業倫理（商人道）二者關係之處理，便不容我們忽視看漏。對此學界無人論及之議題，本論文乃嘗試依時序分別以新渡戶之論著《武士道》與〈武士道と商人道〉為考察範圍，重新分析考證，其結果獲出，在新渡戶氏之問題意識中，武士道與商人道二者聯繫之問題，不但前後三十年一貫存在，且歷經長期摸索之結果，新渡戶至終肯定了武士道運用於商業之效果，其主張以重義知恥之武士道精神行商，並提出了一種結合了武士道的日本之商人道以及其普遍性，而該主張可謂日本具人格主義、國際主義色彩的商業倫理主張之先驅。

關鍵字

新渡戸稻造 ； 武士道 ； 商人道 ； 知恥重義

並列摘要

The author of the worldwide famous book ”Bushido: The Soul of Japan,” Nitobe Inazô (1862-1933,) was born in Japanese samurai's class. Originally the samurai's class was unrelated to the commercial activities, but the picture has changed since the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Under such circumstances, the samurai's class was no more able to maintain the losing salary and social position they used to have, and their living way along with the emphasized ”Bushido” were thereby put into a clement test. It is amazing, however, the Nitobe family was one of the very few samurai's families that successfully converted into business-running. Hence, when trying to comprehend the thought of Nitobe, we can never ignore or exclude the approach toward connections between Bushido and business ethics (Syonindo.) With respect to such unprecedented subject, this thesis attempts, chronologically, on the basis of ”Bushido: The Soul of Japan” and ”Bushido and Syonindo,” to newly conduct analysis and corroboration. The result of study demonstrates that, in spite of interval of thirty years of the two books, the above-mentioned thought about connections between Bushido and Syonindo were consistently penetrating. Besides, after groping for a long period, Nitobe finally affirmed the effect of Bushido to be used in commerce and thus persisted that business running should incorporate the spirit of honor-valuing and morality-observing from Bushido spirit, creating the regime of Japanese Syonindo in combination with Bushido. Such opinion deserves the forerunner of the Japanese business ethics theory with a tinge of individualism and internationalism in Japan.

並列關鍵字

Nitobe Inazô ； Bushido ； Syonindo ； honor-valuing ； morality-observing

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