損害數額之酌定

The Assessment of Amount of Damages

許士宦(Shu-Huan Shyuu)

《臺大法學論叢》 39卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 71-108

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2010.39.01.02

摘要

民事訴訟法於2000年修正時，增訂法院酌定損害數額制度，要求法院於當事人已證明受有損害而不能或難以證明損害數額時，應審酌一切情形，依所得心證定其數額。此項規定非僅係追認向來審判實務而將判例見解予以明文化，或單純繼受德、奧、日等國立法例而已，其係針對損害賠償事件之個性、特徵，根據程序利益保護論，兼顧實體法與程序法之觀點，以減輕受害當事人之舉證責任，並賦予法院法的評價及事實認定之裁量權，就損害數額施加評價裁量而不受限於客觀實體法，或酌予降低證明度以便確定該數額。為貫徹上述立法意旨，不僅應將之擴大適用於包括請求及一律請求，而且宜將其類推適用於其他債權之酌定、違反證物提出義務時之真實擬制及經界確定或土地所有權範圍確定等事項。法院酌定損害數額雖係屬羈束裁量，其裁判對象及基礎資料仍受處分權主義及辯論主義等原則之限制，但其於必要時得不調查當事人所聲明之證據，或改以較能節省勞費之證明方法行之，甚至依心證比例認定損害數額。惟為保障當事人之程序權，防止發生突襲性裁判，法院在具體事件之審理過程，仍應將其就證據裁定、損害數額存否之心證度及證明度所持見解，適時公開、表明，並與當事人進行事實上及法律上討論，俾其得為適當完全辯論及增、減、補充聲明。

關鍵字

證明度 ； 裁量評價權 ； 程序利益保護原則 ； 舉證責任 ； 程序權保障 ； 羈束裁量

並列摘要

System of Court to assess amount of damages in civil procedure was set up in 2002. The system needs court to take all circumstances into consideration and assess damage by its own impression, when the party can't or is hard to prove the amount thought having proved the damages. This regulation doesn't simply acknowledge judicial practice, proclaim precedents in writing, and inherit the legislations of German, Austria, and Japan. It focus on the characteristic of damages matters and alleviates the party's burden of proof based on the protection of procedure interests and the balance of substantial law and procedural law. Furthermore, it grants courts the discretion of evaluation of law and determination of fact. Accordingly, courts may assess the damage without the limitation of substantial law and can alleviate the level of proof. To carry through the intention of the amendment, we should extendedly apply the system to complete and total claims, and better to apply the system in the matter of assessment of other obligations, fiction of fact brought form the violation of burden to address evidence, and the ascertainment of stature of territory and property by analogy. Though the discretion to assess damages is restricted to the principle of disposition and adversary, the courts may not investigate the proof requested by parties or investigate by a frugal and way if necessary. Furthermore, the court can assess damages by its own impression. Nevertheless, to protect the procedural right of parties and prevent surprising judgment, the court should disclosure its opinion above and discuss in fact and law with parties. Therefore, the parties could obtain the opportunities to add, diminish, and supplement claims.

並列關鍵字

the level of proof ； the discretion ； the principle of protection of procedural interests ； the burden of proof ； the protection of procedural right ； the restricted discretion

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