半屏山礦區土壤沖蝕量之推估

Estimation of Soil Erosion in Banping Mountain Mining Area

王杰俊(Jie-Jun Wang)

《坡地防災學報》 16卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 53-73

摘要

估算集水區之土壤沖蝕時所要考慮的因子極為複雜，特別是礦區的開發時程較長而近年來受到許多關注，有關土壤沖蝕的問題近年來已經發展出許多沖蝕模式可用來預測，其中通用土壤流失公式是最廣為使用的土壤沖蝕推估公式，亦為水土保持計畫估算土壤沖蝕量、設計沉砂池所採用之依據。經以通用土壤流失公式估算半屏山礦區之土壤沖蝕量，與實際半屏山礦區1~4號沉砂池之泥砂量比較後，得知集水區純屬非點源沖蝕的2號及3號沉砂池其結果顯示初期（1999~2001年）實際泥砂量為估算量的2.3~2.8倍，但至2001~2003年則減為1/2~1/3倍，可見於研究區之長期土壤沖蝕量以通用土壤流失公式在已逐步完成水土保持與植生復育後會有明顯高估之現象。而由有產生點源沖蝕及無產生點源沖蝕的集水區比較發現，乃與施工廠商及施工方式不同有關，故建議慎選施工廠商及施工方式，並落實監造制度，可有效降低土壤沖蝕量及提昇經營效益。

關鍵字

土壤沖蝕 ； 礦區 ； 沉砂池 ； 通用土壤流失公式

並列摘要

It is extremely complicated to estimate the soil erosion of watersheds. In particular, the mining area has a long development time and has received a lot of attention in recent years. Various models are developed in recent years to predict the soil erosion by water. The most common formula used for soil erosion is Universal Soil Loss Equation. Also it is used for estimating the amount of soil erosion and designing the grit chamber for planning of soil and water conservation. Compared the result, which estimated by Universal Soil Loss Equation, the soil erosion of the mining area in Banping Mountain with the actual amount of it in grit chamber No.1~4, No.2 and No.3 grit chamber were belong the non-point source erosion, shows that the actual amount of soil is 2.3~2.8 time to ford the estimation in 1999~2001, and 1/2~1/3 time to ford in 2001~2003. As a result, higher estimation happens when using Universal Soil Loss Equation. It is found by the contrast between point source erosion and non-point source erosion of slopes. The soil erosion is concerned with the constructors, Implementation of supervision system and the ways they build it. Therefore, it is effective to reduce the soil erosion and to raise economic effect by choosing the constructors circumspectly.

並列關鍵字

Soil erosion ； Mining area ； Grit chamber ； Universal Soil Loss Equation