花蓮明星級社區發展觀光的限制與可能性

Limitations and Possibilities of Tourism Development in Star-Level Communities in Hualien

張育銓(Yu-Chuan Chang)

《育達科大學報》 39期 (2014/12) Pp. 1-18

摘要

在社區總體營造（簡稱社區營造）的風潮下，花蓮一些明星級社區接受來自中央各部會的經費補助，培植出明星級的社造團隊，僅小規模地發展出利益分享範圍相當侷限的社區觀光，並未考量到社區觀光可以為社區整體發展所帶來的機會，未將文化與經濟進一步連結發展出更多可能性。明星級社造團隊在政府的補助與標案中，以公司化、專職化、社團化，形構出地方上微政治體的運作模式，導致民眾參與的理想越加難以達成。如何將侷限在社造團隊的社區營造資源開放成社區共享的資源，讓更多居民參與社區觀光，是台灣社區營造在符合公共利益的前提下，必須認真思考的問題。本文以筆者在花蓮長達十五年的田野觀察與擔任社區事務審查委員的經驗，探討從明星級社造團隊發展社區觀光的限制中，以小規模觀光產業發展社區觀光的可能性。

關鍵字

社區總體營造 ； 社區觀光 ； 花蓮 ； 微政治體

並列摘要

Because community empowerment has become prevalent, several star communities in Hualien have accepted funds from central ministries and departments and have developed star-level community empowerment teams. However, only small-scale community tourism industries with limited benefit-sharing scopes were developed without considering the potential overall community development opportunities associated with community tourism. Moreover, further cultural and economic connections have not been established, which could generate increased possibilities. To obtain government grants and bids, star-level community empowerment teams operate as local micropolitical bodies through corporatization, specialization, and association formation. Consequently, private participation has become increasingly difficult. Sharing limited resources between community empowerment teams and increasing resident participation in community tourism under the premise of public interest is a crucial concern for community empowerment in Taiwan that must be addressed. Based on 15 years of field observation in Hualien and experiences as a member of a community affairs review committee, the author of this study investigated the possibility of developing community tourism through small-scale tourism industries with the limitations imposed by star-level community empowerment teams.

並列關鍵字

community empowerment ； community tourism ； Hualien ； micropolitical body

參考文獻

王振寰、章英華(2005)：凝聚台灣生命力。台北市：巨流出版社。

王逸峰、蔡菀玲(2004)，地方文史工作室在觀光發展中所扮演角色之初探：以台南市為例。論文發表於台灣地方鄉鎮觀光產業發展與前瞻學術研討會。台北市：景文科技大學。

李丁讚(2004)：公共領域在台灣：困境與契機。台北市：桂冠出版社。

李素馨、蔡淑美(1995)：民眾參與在觀光規畫中的運用。觀光研究學報, 1(1), 66-79。

行政院文化建設委員會(1999)：台灣社區總體營造的軌跡。台北市：行政院文化建設委員會。