白花三葉草(Trifolium repens L.)作為覆蓋植物應用於蟲媒南瓜病毒病害防治

Using Cover Plants, Trifolium Repens L., to Enhance the Control of Insect-Borne Viral Disease in Pumpkin Field

蔡濰安(Wei-An Tsai) ； 翁崧夏(Sung-Hsia Weng) ； 邱智迦(Chi-Jia Chiou)

《台灣農業研究》 66卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 298-306

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2017.06604.04

摘要

葫蘆科(Cucurbitaceae)作物為台灣重要蔬果，但病毒病害長期為葫蘆科作物生產體系中之限制因子，作物罹病後無任何可供防治之藥劑，因此如何有效防治田間病媒昆蟲成為當今重要的議題。銀葉粉蝨(Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring)是葫蘆科作物中重要的害蟲之一，已知可專一性傳播豆類金黃病毒屬(Begomovirus)的病毒，近年來南瓜捲葉菲律賓病毒(Squash leaf curl Philippine virus; SLCPHV)最為常見。蚜蟲也是葫蘆科作物中重要的病媒昆蟲，已知至少可以傳播4種常見的植物病毒病害，危害葫蘆科作物甚大。許多研究顯示，無論是生物性覆蓋物(living mulches)或人造資材覆蓋物(synthetic mulches)皆具有防治銀葉粉蝨或蚜蟲的效果。本研究利用白花三葉草(Trifolium repens L.)作為覆蓋植物應用於南瓜栽培，結果發現可以有效降低銀葉粉蝨田間的族群，且SLCPHV的感染率為55.2%，顯著低於銀黑塑膠布處理的91.3%和銀黑塑膠布搭配寡聚半乳糖醛酸噴施處理組的95.2%。田間病徵發生比例最終至採收期僅達約13%。本研究認為白花三葉草於田間栽培具有防治銀葉粉蝨的功能，未來可應用來建構適合有機南瓜栽培的環境。

關鍵字

覆蓋植物 ； 葫蘆科作物 ； 蟲媒病毒 ； 銀葉粉蝨

並列摘要

Cucurbitaceae fruit and vegetables are important crops in Taiwan. Plant viral disease usually cause the loss of crop production. There is no pesticide which can effectively control this viral disease. However, control of insect vectors become an important issue to date. Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) is one of the important cucurbit pests known to specifically transmit Begomoviruses, and Squash leaf curl virus Philippines (SLCPHV) has become widespreading in Taiwan in recent years. Aphids are also important insect vectors, known to spread at least four common plant viral diseases that damage Cucurbitaceae crops commonly. Living and synthetic mulches were evaluated for control of the Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring and aphids. This study focused on the application of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as cover plant in pumpkin cultivation. It showed that whitefly population in white clover treatment significantly reduced, and infection rate of SLCPHV was 55.2%, significantly lower than those of synthetic (reflective) mulches with 91.3% and oligomeric galacturonic acid spray treatment with 95.2%. The proportion of viral infection symptoms occurrence was about 13% at the end of the experiment. This study suggests that white clover would control the population of whiteflies in pumpkin field efficiently. The practice has the potential to be applied to construct organic pumpkin cultivation environment.

並列關鍵字

Cover plant ； Cucurbitaceae ； Insect-borne virus ； Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring