2009至2014年台灣水稻新育成品種（系）對於稻熱病罹病反應之研究

Field Evaluation of Blast for Rice Varieties (Lines) Developed from 2009 to 2014 in Taiwan

周思儀(Szu-Yi Chou) ； 廖大經(Dah-Jing Liao)

《台灣農業研究》 67卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 82-93

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR.201803_67(1).0008

摘要

本研究為瞭解歷年台灣水稻新育成品種(系)對於稻熱病抗感性之數量變化趨勢，以作為育種研究人員未來擬定育種策略的參考，乃將2009-2014年期間9個台灣之農業試驗改良機關所育成之1195個水稻品種(系)，於行政院農業委員會農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所稻熱病檢定病圃進行稻熱病特性檢定。感病對照品種'Lomello'及抗病對照品種「台農70號」於歷年檢定期間，其罹病反應均穩定表現出感病及抗病反應，顯示病圃發病條件一致，檢定結果可靠。稉型稻有1,021個品種(系)參加檢定試驗，在水田式病圃抗葉稻熱病與穗稻熱病之品種(系)比率各為65.23%及43.39%；在旱田式病圃第一期作與第二期作抗葉稻熱病之品種(系)比率各為48.58%及49.27%。秈型稻參試品種(系)有174個，在水田式病圃抗葉稻熱病及穗稻熱病之品種(系)比率各為96.55%及90.23%；在旱田式病圃第一期作與第二期作抗葉稻熱病之品種(系)比率各為95.98%及96.55%。進一步分析發現，部分稉型稻品種(系)對於葉稻熱病及穗稻熱病之抗性反應不一致，約有22%的品種(系)在水田式病圃表現抗葉稻熱病而對穗稻熱病呈現感病反應，因此新品系進入高級產量比較試驗後須檢定穗稻熱病罹病反應以免誤判。相同品種(系)在旱田式病圃之罹病反應較水田式病圃嚴重，可於育種初級世代利用旱田病圃進行大量淘汰感病材料，以提高育種效率。另分析結果顯示，稉型稻品種(系)在旱田式病圃之期作效應表現不一致，秈型稻之期作效應均未達顯著水準。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 稻熱病 ； 稻熱病病圃

並列摘要

The present study was to analyze the changing trends of blast resistance and its relationship among rice cultivars/lines developed in 2009-2014. The information can be provided as a reference for breeders in planning breeding strategy in the future. The experimental materials included 1,195 rice cultivars/lines provided by the local 9 agricultural experimental agencies, and were examined for their responses to both leaf and panicle blast in the upland and the paddy nurseries located at Chiayi Agricultural Experimental Station of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. A susceptible cultivar 'Lomello' and a resistant cultivar 'TNG70' were used for reference checks, and were found stable to the responses of blast during the period of experiment, indicating that the conditions of nursery and results of examination were stale and reliable. There were 1,021 cultivars/lines of japonica type rice included in the experiment, and the ratio of expressing resistance to leaf and panicle blast in the paddy nursery were 65.23% and 43.39%, respectively. In the upland nursery, the ratio of expressing resistance to leaf blast in the first and the second cropping season were 48.58% and 49.27%, respectively. The other 174 cultivars/lines of indica type rice were also examined for their resistance performance to blast. It showed that ratio of expressing resistance to leaf and panicle blast in the paddy nursery were 96.55% and 90.23%, respectively. In the upland nursery, the ratio of expressing resistance to leaf blast in the first and the second cropping season were 95.98% and 96.55%, respectively. By further analyzing the experimental results, it showed that some cultivars/lines of japonica type rice varied in the responses to leaf and panicle blast. Among the cultivars/lines, about 22% were resistance to leaf blast while were infected by panicle blast. These cultivars/lines required further studied in the advanced field examination for their resistance to panicle blast. Since the susceptibility of a cultivar/line to blast will be more serious in upland nursey than in paddy condition, we suggest that upland nursery can be used for selection of blast resistance in the early stage of a breeding program so as to improve breeding efficiency. Results also showed that japonica type rice cultivars/lines perform differently in the upland nursery between the first and the second cropping seasons, while indica type rice cultivars/ line have a consistent performance in both crop seasons.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Blast ； Disease nursery