痲瘋樹籽粕堆肥對其幼苗光合作用之影響

The effects of Jatropha cake compost on photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas seedlings

周庭聿(Ting-Yu Chou) ； 楊志維(Zhu-Wei Yang) ； 楊棋明(Chi-Ming Yang) ； 許明晃(Ming-Huang Hsu) ； 黃文達(Wen-Dar Huang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 37卷2期 (2016/12) Pp. 145-162

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2016-0037(2)-145

摘要

本研究利用痲瘋樹(Jatropha curcas L.)種籽榨油過後之籽粕(Seed cake)、果殼(Hull)及每年修剪之莖桿木屑(Sawdust)，作為堆肥主要材料，於痲瘋樹幼苗分別施加不同氮素等級之籽粕堆肥與化學肥料進行比較試驗，以評估堆肥之效益。籽粕堆肥處理後，痲瘋樹乾物重累積23.6-46.2g 而對照組乾物重累積33.8 g，化學肥料處理為94.1 克。在光合作用方面，化學肥料處理之痲瘋樹因氣孔導度(Gs)降低、細胞間隙CO_2 濃度(Ci)和蒸散速率(E)同時下降，CO_2 同化速率(Pn)無明顯提高，但羧化作用效率(CE)及水分利用效率(WUE)顯著高於堆肥處理組，並反應在總乾物重累積上。籽粕堆肥處理之葉綠素螢光非光化學消散(Non-photochemical quenching, NPQ)顯著地高於化學肥料處理者，顯示籽粕堆肥有助於痲瘋樹幼株在遭遇環境逆境時啟動光保護機制。研究結果顯示籽粕堆肥可提供營養元素供痲瘋樹幼苗生長使用，但其需要較長期之分解，短期內僅能提供部分肥分供利用，仍需補施化學肥料以符合痲瘋樹幼苗生長所需。

關鍵字

痲瘋樹 ； 籽粕 ； 堆肥 ； 非光化學消散

並列摘要

Jatropha curcas seed with high oil content could be converted into the biodiesel as an alternative fuel. After the seed was crushed, waste productions were produced, like seed cake, hull and the annual pruning of the stems, was the main materials of compost. Jatropha seedlings were applied seed cake compost and chemical fertilizer to perform a comparison test. Investigate Jatropha curcas total biomass and photosynthesis to assess the effectiveness of seed cake compost. The results showed that the total biomass of Jatropha seedlings treated with seed cake compost were 23.6-46.2g compared with 33.8g of control and 94.1g of chemical fertilizer treatment. The chemical fertilizer treatment that didn't significantly increase CO_2 assimilation rate (Pn) as lower stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO_2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (E), had the increasing of carboxylation efficiency (CE) and water use efficiency (WUE) and reflected on biomass accumulation. In compost treatments, the chlorophyll fluorescence non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increases to induce light protection help relieve environmental stress. The results indicate that Jatropha curcas seed cake compost provides nutrients for seedling growth, however still need more long-term decompose. In the short-term, it still needs chemical fertilizers to meet the growth of Jatropha seedlings because compost can only provide partial fertilizer for use.

並列關鍵字

Jatropha curcas ； seed cake ； compost ； non-photochemical quenching