真菌除草劑之研究進展與挑戰

Current Status of Mycoherbicides Research and its challenges

袁秋英(Chiou-Ing Yuan)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 37卷2期 (2016/12) Pp. 187-205

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2016-0037(2)-187

摘要

據估計全球每年因雜草造成農業和造林生產力的損失超過400 億美元。人工、機械割草、栽培操作或化學除草劑雖能控制雜草。然而單獨使用某種雜草的防治方法常無法滿足各種情況。在過去的三十年，利用真菌、細菌和病毒等微生物開發防治雜草的新策略已漸獲重視，其中以真菌除草劑最具防治雜草的潛在優勢，目前主要集中於炭疽病菌屬、莖點霉屬、核盤菌屬等9 個屬的雜草病原菌種。本文綜合論述真菌除草劑的進況，以及分析目前真菌除草劑於研發及應用時存在的問題，以及可能之解決途徑。

關鍵字

真菌除草劑 ； 雜草 ； 研究現況 ； 存在問題 ； 解決方法

並列摘要

Weeds are estimated to cause more than $40 billion in annual global losses through degraded agricultural and silvicultural productivity. Manual removal, mechanical cultivation, cultural practices, or chemical herbicides can control weeds. However, use of physical and/or chemical methods of weed control alone is not feasible, desirable, or sufficient in every situation. The application of bacteria, fungi and viruses to achieving this goal has received increasingly great attention over the last three decades. Using mycoherbicides for control of weeds has great potential. The fungi with herbicidal activity are mostly focus on the fungus colletotrichum, Phoma, Sclerotinia and other six fungi. Current constrains in the development of mycoherbicides were analysed, and approached to overcome the limitations in future were summarized.

並列關鍵字

Mycoherbicide ； weed ； research status ； existing problems ； resolving methods