間植綠肥作物對馬鈴薯有機栽培田間雜草相、產量性狀和產量之影響

Effect of Inter-seeding Green Manure on Weed Control, Yield Characters and Yield of Tuber in Organic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

張育絢(Yu-Hsuan Chang) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 38卷1期 (2017/06) Pp. 19-40

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2017-0038(1)-019

摘要

本試驗以馬鈴薯克尼伯和台農一號為試驗材料，在嘉義縣朴子市有機認證合格之農地進行栽培試驗。於馬鈴薯畦溝間植三種不同的綠肥作物（田菁、太陽麻、綠肥大豆和不間植之對照組），並在馬鈴薯生育期間調查田間雜草相變化、收穫後調查馬鈴薯產量性狀。結果顯示，在兩期秋作馬鈴薯試驗中，莧科之野莧為主要發生的雜草族群，次要發生的有茄科的龍葵和禾本科的牛筋草及芒稷，在春作馬鈴薯試驗中，茄科的龍葵為主要發生之雜草族群，次要發生的有禾本科和莧科。試驗期間除上述三個主要雜草族群外，其他少部分草種包括有菊科（鼠麴舅、鼠麴草和山萵苣）、藜科（小葉灰藋）等少數草種。在畦溝間植綠肥作物處理下，間植田菁處理有最低的雜草密度 （2014 年春秋作），其次為間植太陽麻處理（2013 年秋作）；雜草乾重以間植太陽麻處理表現最佳（2013 年秋作和2014 年秋作克尼伯），其次為間植田菁處理（2014 年春秋作台農一號）。馬鈴薯克尼伯塊莖產量在2014 年春作以間植田菁處理顯著高於對照組，同年秋作則以間植田菁、太陽麻和綠肥大豆顯著高於對照組，與慣行栽培相比，在2014年春作間植田菁和太陽麻處理顯著高於慣行栽培；馬鈴薯台農一號塊莖產量在2013 年秋作和2014 年秋作以間植太陽麻和綠肥大豆處理顯著高於對照組，2014 年春作則是以間植太陽麻處理顯著高於控制組，與慣行栽培相比，在2014 年秋作間植綠肥大豆和太陽麻處理顯著高於慣行栽培。

關鍵字

馬鈴薯 ； 有機栽培 ； 間植綠肥 ； 雜草相 ； 產量性狀

並列摘要

This cultivation experiment was planted in the farmland with organic certification located at Chia-yi Zu-Zi and using two potato cultivars, Kennebec and TNG1, as experimental materials. Potatoes were planted in three different periods. The experiment was proceed with three inter-seeding green manure (sesbania, sun hemp, soybean and control). The field of weed phase was investigated during the potato growth period, the potato yield was investigated after harvested of potato tuber. The results showed that the Amaranthaceae of Amaranthus viridis L. is the main occurrence of weed population, the secondary occurrence of weed population are Solanaceae of Solanum nigrum L. , Gramineae of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, and Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. In the spring potato experiment, Solanaceae of Solanum nigrum in the two fall cropping for the potato experiment L. is the main occurrence of weed population, the secondary occurrence of weed population is Gramineae and Amaranthaceae. In addition to the above three major population, still insist other small parts of the grass species including Compositae (Gnaphalium purpureum L. , Gnaphalium affine D. Don. , Lactuca indica L.), and Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.) . In different inter-seeding green manure, inter-seeding sesbania treatment had lowest weed density in 2014 spring and fall cropping, second was sun hemp in the 2013 fall cropping. In the treatment of inter-seeding sun hemp had lowest weed dry weight (2013 and 2014 fall cropping for the KNB), second was inter-seeding sesbania (in 2014 spring and fall cropping of TNG1). KNB yield was significantly higher by inter-seeding sesbania than the control in the 2014 spring cropping. Compared with the control, in the same year fall cropping, the sun hemp, sesbania and soybean were significantly higher, and compared with conventional inter-seeding sesbania and sun hemp was significantly higher in the spring cropping of 2014. The tuber yield of potato TNG1 inter-seeding sun hemp and soybean was significantly higher than the control in 2013 and 2014 fall cropping. Compared with the control in 2014 spring cropping, the inter-seeding sun hemp treatment was significantly higher. And compared with conventional inter-seeding soybean and sun hemp was significantly higher in 2014 fall cropping.

並列關鍵字

Potato ； organic cultivation ； inter-seeding green manure ； weed phase ； yield traits