臺灣中部合歡山區臺灣冷杉林分枯落物動態

Litterfall Dynamics of a Taiwanese Fir Stand at Mountain Hehuan, Central Taiwan

林京翰(Chin-Han Lin) ； 金佐蒔(Tso-Shih Chin) ； 王立志(Lih-Jih Wang)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 31卷1期 (2017/03) Pp. 41-50

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.2017.31(1).5

摘要

枯落物為生態系統之重要過程。本研究於合歡山小風口臺灣冷杉(Abies kawakamii)林內設置枯落物收集網，自2011年1月至2011年12月一年期間，每雙週收集枯落物一次，以了解臺灣冷杉林枯落物動態。結果顯示，合歡山臺灣冷杉林分年枯落物量為3,129 ± 445 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)，其中各組成比例為葉部佔69 %、枝條占12 %、樹皮占11 %、繁殖部占1 %及其它占7 %，顯示臺灣冷杉枯落物主要以葉部形式回歸林地。研究期間月枯落物量動態高峰為11月、12月，枯落物量分別為640 kg ha^(-1)mo^(-1)、507 kg ha^(-1)mo^(-1)，各占全年枯落物量之20.4%與16.2%，其中以葉部增加為主，可能為豪雨、冰雹或低溫影響而形成大量落葉。至於臺灣冷杉枝芽展葉期間（4月至6月）枯落物量僅略微增加，以冷杉葉部枯落物增加為主，可能為降雨強度增加所致，與臺灣中低海拔闊葉林春季換葉形成落葉高峰比較，臺灣冷杉林並未呈現春季換葉高峰。通常颱風盛行的夏季7月、8月及9月枯落物量反而較其他時期為少，由於研究期間並無明顯颱風侵近，反映2011年合歡山區臺灣冷杉林受颱風影響並不明顯。

關鍵字

合歡山 ； 臺灣冷衫 ； 枯落物

並列摘要

Litterfall is one of the important processes in ecosystem studies. In order to understand litterfall dynamics of Taiwanese fir (Abies kawakamii), litter traps were set up near the tourist center at Xiao-Feng-Ko, Hehuan mountain, and litterfall samples were collected biweekly in 2011. Results showed that annual litterfall was 3,129 ± 445 kg ha^(-1), composing of foliage (69 % of annual total), branch (12 %), bark (11 %), reproductive part (1 %) and miscellaneous (7 %); thus, showing that foliage was the major form of litterfall returned to the forest floor. Monthly litterfall were higher in November (640 kg ha^(-1), 20.4% of annual total) and December (507 kg ha^(-1), 16.2 % of annual total), mainly composing of foliage (86.4 % of monthly total in November, and 83.2 % of that in December). Higher monthly totals could have been caused by heavy rainfall, hail fall and cold temperature in these two months. Litterfall (mainly foliage) increased slightly, which was probably caused by increased rainfall intensity near the timing of new foliage expansion (late April to early June); thus, indicating that no notable foliage replacement occurred as in lowland hardwood forests. Uncommonly, no significant typhoon occurred during the summer of 2011, therefore, lower monthly litterfall were found during July, August and September in this alpine forest.

並列關鍵字

Litterfall ； Taiwanese fir (Abies kawakamii) ； Mt. Hehuan