Progressive time-weighted dynamic energy efficiency, energy decoupling rate, and decarbonization in Baltic Sea and EU non-Baltic Sea states

累進權重之動態能源效率、能源脫鉤率以及脫碳評估：以歐盟波羅的海國家以及歐盟非波羅的海國家為例

馮穎(Ying Feng) ； 張民忠(Ming-Chung Chang)

《東吳經濟商學學報》 98期 (2019/06) Pp. 1-30

摘要

This study explores and compares the energy efficiency and decarbonization phenomenon in the Baltic Sea region and the non-Baltic Sea region with a sample of 28 European Union (EU) members. The result shows that Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta, as non-classical industrialized countries, exhibit a better energy efficiency and achievement ratio of energy decoupling rate, whereas the Baltic Sea region presents a quick catching up effect on energy efficiency improvement. The most important finding is that the environmental Kuznets Curve assumption does not appear to explain the decarbonization phenomenon of these two regions in the EU since the Baltic Sea region is a high-carbon economy with high real GDP, while the non-Baltic Sea region is a low-carbon economy with low real GDP. This paper also finds that these two regions do not converge to decarbonization.

關鍵字

Dynamic energy efficiency ； decarbonization ； Baltic Sea

並列摘要

這篇研究以歐盟（European Union）28個會員國為例，探討波羅的海（Baltic Sea）國家和非波羅的海國家的能源效率以及脫碳（decarbonization）現象評估。結果發現塞普勒斯（Cyprus）、盧森堡（Luxembourg）以及馬爾他（Malta）以上非工業化國家表現較佳的能源效率以及能源脫鉤達標率（achievement ratio of energy decoupling rate）；波羅的海區域展現出快速的能源效率改善追趕效果（catching up effect）。此外環境顧志耐曲線（Environmental Kuznets Curve）假說，在波羅的海區域和非波羅的海區域並不成立，因為波羅的海區域呈現高碳（high-carbon）和高所得，然而非波羅的海區域呈現低碳（low-carbon）和低所得。本文也發現，兩個區域也沒有脫碳現象的收斂趨勢。

並列關鍵字

動態能源效率 ； 脫碳 ； 波羅的海

參考文獻

Allen, R., Athanassopoulos, A., Dyson, R. G. and Thanassoulis, E. (1997), “Weights Restrictions andValue Judgements in Data Envelopment Analysis: Evolution, Development and Future Directions.” Annals of Operations Research, 73, pp.13-34.

Avkiran, N. K. (2015), “An Illustration of Dynamic Network DEA in Commercial Banking IncludingRobustness Tests.” Omega, 55, pp.141-150.

Boyd, G. A. and Pang, J. X. (2000), “Estimating the Linkage between Energy Efficiency and Productivity.” Energy Policy, 28, pp.289-296.

Cagno, E. and Trianni, A. (2013), “Exploring Drivers for Energy Efficiency within Small- and Mediumsized Enterprises: First Evidences from Italian Manufacturing Enterprises.” Applied Energy, 104,pp.276-285.

Cook, W. D. and Zhu, J. (2008), “CAR-DEA: Context-dependent Assurance Regions in DEA.” Operations Research, 56, pp.69-78.