控制社會中的昆蟲式反抗：以《Psycho-Pass心靈判官》為例

Lessons of Swarm-Style Resistance in the Societies of Control from the Psycho-Pass Series

林宛瑄(Wan-shuan Lin)

《中外文學》 48卷4期 (2019/12) Pp. 91-126

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.201912_48(4).0004

摘要

傅柯觀察十八世紀十九世紀的歐洲社會，提出了規訓社會一詞，指涉仰賴各種拘禁場所或管制場所的權力運作模式。德勒茲則指出，到了二十世紀初，因應遍布的網路與各種監控科技的發明，權力的運作已經脫離這些場所的侷限。面對鋪天蓋地的新興數位監控體系，我們是否還有反抗權力體制的可能性？可能的話又是如何發生？不論是從數位生物科技如何組構社會或是網絡型政治組織興起的角度切入，不少當代論者都以昆蟲做為方法來探討當代社會的權力運作模式與從事反抗的可能性，也一再指出「蟲群政治」（politics of swarms）的內在矛盾或說曖昧性。本論文將從上述脈絡出發，以《Psycho-Pass心靈判官》動畫系列為例，探討在控制社會中進行昆蟲式反抗的可能性。本人主張在昆蟲模式的曖昧性中找到驅動流變為蟲群的張力，乃是昆蟲式反抗動力迸發之處；而「無臉」昆蟲對「臉性」概念的衝擊，以及擬態所帶動的流變為不可察覺（becoming-imperceptible）邏輯，則提供了昆蟲式反抗的行動策略。

關鍵字

《Psycho-Pass心靈判官》 ； 規訓社會 ； 控制社會 ； 蟲群政治 ； 臉性 ； 擬態 ； 流變為不可察覺

並列摘要

The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the invention of digital networks and new surveillance technologies. New paradigms of control, according to Gilles Deleuze, thereafter pervade modern societies. With an all-encompassing and sophisticated digital system of surveillance immersing itself in every aspect of the society, is resistance possible at all? And how might it be possible? A number of scholars have employed the notions of insects and swarms to investigate the impact of information technology and biotechnology on society as well as the configuration of network political organizations. Many find the insect metaphor useful in analyzing the relationship of resistance to power in control societies. However, since swarming can inform both modes of resistance and control, repeated references to contradictions within the socalled ＂politics of swarms＂ have been raised. This paper takes as its aim to explore applicable strategies to cultivate resistance while circumventing its inherent contradictions. The Psycho-pass Series is drawn as an example to set up a swarm-style resistance in control societies. Two of the most noteworthy lessons from the series would be swarming without a face to undermine the machine of faciality and resorting to mimicry to trigger the process of becoming-imperceptible.

並列關鍵字

Psycho-pass Series ； disciplinary societies ； the societies of control ； politics of swarms ； faciality ； mimicry ； becoming-imperceptible

參考文獻

黃宗慧（Huang, Tsung-huei）。〈不可能悅納（寄生）昆蟲？：動物倫理的蟲蟲危機〉。“Bukenen yuena (jisheng) kungchong? Dongwu lunli de chongchong weiji” [The Limits of Hospitality?: Repositioning the Status of (Parasitic) Insects in Animal Ethics]。《中外文學》Chun Wai Literary Quarterly 47.2 (2018): 9-46。

Bogard, William. “Deleuze and Machines: A Politics of Technology.” Poster and Savat 15-31.

Caillois, Roger. “Mimicry and Legendary Psychasthenia.” Trans. Johan Shepley. October 31 (1984): 16-32. Web. 15 May 2019.

Caluya, Gilbert. “The Post-panoptic Society?—Reassessing Foucault in Surveillance Studies.” Social Identities 16.5 (2010): 621-33. Web. 15 May 2019.

Collignon, Fabienne. “Insect Technics: War Vision Machines.” Cold War Legacies: Legacy, Theory, Aesthetics. Ed. John Beck and Ryan Bishop. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2016. 234-51. Web. 15 May 2019.