電動車驅動馬達用電磁鋼片開發

Development of Electrical Steels for Electric Vehicle Motor

蔡明欽(M.C. Tsai) ； 李欣怡(H.Y. Lee) ； 蕭一清(I.C. Hsiao) ； 林世庭(S.T. Lin) ； 張博民(P.M. Chang)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 62卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 97-105

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.201812_62(4).0008

摘要

電動車具備節能減碳之環保優勢，近年來的發展已漸趨明朗。除了TESLA接續推出幾項電動車車款外，各大傳統車廠也紛紛投入開發及生產。驅動馬達為電動車最核心之部件，關係車輛整體運作的效能及可行駛距離。而馬達鐵芯主要是由電磁鋼片所構成，故選用適當的電磁鋼片將是提升馬達效率之重要關鍵。由於車輛行駛條件相當複雜，包含起步、爬坡、市區道路與高速行駛，進而影響馬達損耗分布；此外，窄化轉子隔磁橋可減少磁漏而有助於提昇馬達效率，但容易因離心力而引起疲勞破壞。故驅動馬達用電磁鋼片需同時具備低鐵損、高磁通與高強度等特性，然而欲達成各項特性的冶金行為卻往往相互違背。添加高量合金雖有助於降低鐵損及強化機械性質，但將使磁通密度顯著下降，且鋼材常溫下將轉為脆性及熱傳導係數降低而使生產難度大幅提高。本研究即探討如何克服冶金行為之矛盾，以及研究設法突破生產之瓶頸，俾使產品獲得最佳特性組合，並建立量產之能力，終能供應高品質之電動車驅動馬達用電磁鋼片，其中已獨家供應TESLA，並成功導入VW與Audi供應鏈。

關鍵字

電動車 ； 電磁鋼片 ； 鐵損 ； 磁通 ； 高強度

並列摘要

Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are in great demand in recent years. TESLA and many vehicle manufacturers are producers of these EV vehicles. The traction motors used in EV and HEV are small, powerful and efficient. These electric motors possess great output power, efficiency and torque characteristics. The permanent magnets (PM) are embedded in the rotors of PM motors. The efficiency of PM motor can be increased by decreasing the magnetic flux leakage. The magnets are designed with thinner thickness of bridge connecting surface and magnet to reduce magnetic flux leakage. The electromagnet steels used in the rotors of PM motor must have great mechanical strength to avoid fracturing. The balance magnetic properties with low iron loss and high magnetic are ideal for application in PM and Induction Motor (IM) traction motors. In this study, the low iron loss, high strength and high magnetic flux density electromagnet steels were developed to fulfill the car maker's requirement. The electromagnet steel has been adopted exclusively by TESLA, VW and Audi.

並列關鍵字

Electric Vehicle ； Electrical Steels ； Iron Loss ； Magnetic Flux Density ； High Strength