氣相層析質譜儀於原油流動性質分析之應用

Application of GC-MS in Fluid Properties Analysis for Crude Oil

林震宇(J.Y. Lin) ； 黃德坤(T.K. Huang) ； 吳偉智(W.C. Wu)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 63卷2期 (2019/06) Pp. 32-39

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.201906_63(2).03

摘要

流動點及黏度等流動性質對於原油而言是重要的物理參數，尤其對於高蠟分或高黏度的原油而言，必須對其流動性質有深入的了解，才能在生產、運輸與儲存的設施上採取適合的設計。例如對於高流動點的原油而言，可能需加入流動點改善劑以避免結蠟；而當原油黏度較高時，管線可能必須採取加熱工法。由於不同地區生產的原油成分與性質差異可能相當大，並沒有一套簡易而有效的處理方案可以適用所有情況，必須個別考量最佳處理方案。在原油的成分分析上， 氣相層析質譜儀是最常見且重要的分析儀器。其分析快速，且提供化學成分訊息豐富的圖譜，可用於了解原油中各組分對流動性質的影響。本研究對八個原油樣品進行氣相層析質譜儀的分析，並測量流動點及黏溫曲線，結果發現三者的實驗結果有高度的相關性。透過將原油的分組，可以更深入地瞭解原油流動性質的影響因子與作用機制，並可進一步提供改善的建議，對整體的生產開發規劃及管線工程設計有所幫助。

關鍵字

原油 ； 流動點 ； 黏度 ； 黏溫曲線 ； 氣相層析質譜儀

並列摘要

In order to make a proper production development plan, it is necessary to have some insight into the fluid properties, which are usually described by physical parameters such as pour point and viscosity. For instance, waxy oils and heavy oils tend to cause problems during production and transportation. Due to the differences in properties and composition of crude oils from different fields, it is hard to find a specific method to characterize the fluid properties of crude oils. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) can quickly provide straightforward and informative spectra for crude oil composition analysis. In this study, eight crude oils were analyzed by GC-MS and their pour points and viscosity-temperature curves were determined by automatic pour point analyzer and rheometer. It was found that the GC-MS spectra were highly relevant to the determination of pour point and viscosity-temperature curve. By grouping these crude oils, we had deeper understanding of what factors and mechanisms influence the fluid properties. Results could help us choose proper treatment for crude oils to improve the production development plan.

並列關鍵字

Crude Oil ； Pour Point ； Viscosity ； Viscosity-Temperature Curve ； GC-MS