都市鄰里供給友善度對老人活動與對鄰里環境供給滿意度比較之研究

Neighborhood Affordance Friendliness Impact on Elderly's Activity and on Neighborhood Affordance Satisfaction A Comparative Study

董娟鳴(Chuan-Ming Tung)

《地理學報》 92期 (2019/04) Pp. 55-88

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.201904_(92).0003

摘要

臺灣人口近年高齡化速度更勝世界諸國，並以「在宅老化」為老人主要居住型態，故都市鄰里環境空間，如何建構友善老人的鄰里環境，是現今臺灣都市鄰里環境規劃的重要議題。本研究以早期小街廓型態開發的板橋、新莊市區與近年大街廓型態開發為主的臺北大學城為研究地點，以問卷分析方式，探討都市不同地區老人在鄰里內主要活動空間種類、老人在各類空間之活動型態與範圍、都市老人鄰里移動性，並了解老人對鄰里內各類主要活動空間供給滿意度、老人對鄰里供給生活滿意度與影響因素，並比對不同地區老人與全體老人，對鄰里活動空間供給滿意度，在影響因素之差異，以了解都市老人在鄰里內的活動狀況與需求。研究結果顯示，臺北大學城老人對鄰里供給滿意度、鄰里提供休閒空間與設施、社交空間與設施、學習空間與設施供給滿意度，均顯著較新莊與板橋為高；研究結果顯示，大街廓、人行系統完善且提供大量大型開放空間面積的臺北大學城，老人對鄰里各項滿意度均較小街廓地區（板橋與新莊）的老人為高。老人在鄰里內主要活動空間以大型開放空間（大型公園與大學校園）與鄰里公園為主；此外，老人在大型開放空間內的活動類型以個人型態活動為主；鄰里公園由於可活動空間較少，故老人除了個人活動外，社交活動（聚會聊天）亦是老人在鄰里內主要活動種類。從三地老人在鄰里活動空間選擇偏好亦可知，鄰里內若提供面積大且管理完善的大型開放空間，並有完善的人行系統連結，會對老人在鄰里內活動空間選擇產生顯著的磁吸效應，老人會傾向選擇前往大型開放空間活動，忽略選擇鄰里內其他活動空間活動。研究者亦發現，台北大學城老人對鄰里環境各項供給滿意度普遍較板橋與新莊為高。影響新莊與板橋老人對鄰里供給滿意度之因素，為老人對鄰里社交空間與學習活動空間面積與設施供給之滿意度，臺北大學城老人對鄰里供給滿意度則著重在休閒空間設施的供給。此外，板橋與新莊研究地區因為小街廓型態發展，在人行道連通程度不到25%，故老人對「鄰里環境大眾運輸系統可及性供給」、「住家與鄰里內交通場站間的距離」、『鄰里社交供給因素』，亦分別成為板橋與新莊老人對鄰里空間供給滿意度之顯著影響因素。

關鍵字

都市老人 ； 活動 ； 鄰里空間 ； 供給 ； 友善度

並列摘要

Population has aged faster in Taiwan than in many other countries in the world, with aging-in-place as the most common living arrangement. Consequently, constructing a senior-friendly environment is the significant issue for urban neighborhood planning for Taiwan. This study conducts surveys in early developed small blocks in Banqiao and Xinzhuang, and the superblocks in the newly developed the special zone of NTPU (National Taipei University), to discuss the main activity space categories, activity types and ranges of the elderly from different regions of a city. Additionally, the study considers the satisfaction degree of neighborhood affordance, and the factors that contribute to this, comparing the figures for the elderly from different regions and the entire senior population. The purpose of this (study was to identify the activity condition and demand of the urban seniors in the neighborhood. Analytical results show that elderly people in the special zone of NTPU for the neighborhood affordance, neighborhood recreational spaces and facilities, learning spaces and facilities have obviously higher satisfaction levels than the elderly in Banqiao and Xinzhuang. The research also indicates that, the elderly in neighborhoods with superblocks, the well-rounded pedestrian system, and a great quantity of large public open spaces enjoyed satisfaction degrees for every aspect of their neighborhood than the elderly in the neighborhood with small blocks. The elderly mainly used large public open spaces (large parks and university campuses) and neighborhood parks. Personal activities are the preferable types of activities for the elderly in large public open spaces. In neighborhood parks, (besides OR as well as OR in addition to) personal activities, socializing activities (getting together and chatting) are also main activities for the elderly, due to limited activity spaces. Neighborhood satisfaction of the elderly in Xinzhuang and Banqiao results mainly from the basic need for activity space and facility affordances. Conversely, the elderly in the NTPU special zone gain satisfaction mainly from use of recreational facilities. In addition, elderly living in NTPU have higher neighborhood affordance satisfaction than elderly living in Banqiao and Xinzhuang. The pedestrian linkage degree is below 25% in Banqiao and Xinzhuang, due to their small-block development patterns. Therefore, ＂distance between the residence and traffic station＂, ＂accessibility affordance of public traffic system in neighborhood＂ and ＂social affordance factors in neighborhood environment＂ are significant factors of the affordance satisfaction for the elderly in Banqiao and Xinzhuang.

並列關鍵字

urban elderly ； activity ； neighborhood space ； affordance ； friendliness

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