種子休眠（一）

SEED DORMANCY (1)

簡慶德(Ching-Te Chien)

《中華林學季刊》 51卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 369-375

摘要

種子休眠意指種子在適宜的環境條件下，包括水、溫度、光照和空氣，不能發芽。種子休眠可分為5大類，生理的休眠、形態的休眠、形態生理的休眠、物理的休眠和組合的休眠。所有的5類休眠在被子植物種子皆有發現，但只有前面3類發現在裸子植物種子。生理休眠的種子有透水的種皮和發育完全胚，但發芽潛力弱，胚根無法在30天內突破種皮。生理休眠被分為3級，即深度級、中度級和淺度級。形態休眠的種子有發育不完全胚，此胚需要一點時間生長，胚根將會在30天內突破種皮。形態生理休眠的種子有發育不完全胚，且有生理的休眠，因此胚根突破種皮需時30天以上。形態生理的休眠被分為9級，即淺度簡單級、中度簡單級、深度簡單級、淺度簡單上胚軸級、深度簡單上胚軸級、深度簡單雙重級、淺度複雜級、中度複雜級和深度複雜級。物理休眠的種子有不透水的種皮或果皮。組合休眠的種子包含物理及生理的休眠，即有不透水層的種皮（果皮）和有生理的休眠，打破種子休眠需要30天以上。研究臺灣本土木本植物種子，除了組合的休眠尚未被發現外，其他4類休眠性皆有，其中以生理的休眠最為普遍。

關鍵字

組合的休眠 ； 形態的休眠 ； 形態生理的休眠 ； 物理的休眠 ； 生理的休眠 ； 種子休眠

並列摘要

Dormancy means that seeds will not germinate under favorable conditions including water, temperature, light and gases. Five classes of seed dormancy were recognized, i.e. physiological dormancy, morphological dormancy, morphophysiological dormancy, physical dormancy and combinational dormancy. All five classes occur in seeds of angiosperms but only the first three in those of gymnosperms, i.e. physical dormancy and combinational dormancy do not occur in gymnosperms. Seeds with physiological dormancy have a water-permeable seed coat, a fully developed embryo, and seeds have a physiological inhibiting mechanism that results in low growth potential and radicle cannot emerge within about 30 days. Three levels of physiological dormancy are recognized: deep, intermediate, and nondeep. Seeds with morphological dormancy are due to an underdeveloped embryo that needs time (≤ 30 days) to grow before the seed can germinate. Morphophysiological dormancy has an underdeveloped embryo with physiologically dormant seed, thus seeds need greater than 30 days to germinate. Morphophysiological dormancy is divided into nine levels of dormancy, i.e. nondeep simple, intermediate simple, deep simple, nondeep simple epicotyl, deep simple epicotyl, deep simple double, nondeep complex, intermediate complex and deep complex. Physical dormancy is caused by a water impermeable seed coat or fruit coat. Combinational dormancy (physical + physiological) has a water-impermeable seed (fruit) coat with physiologically dormant seed, thus seeds require greater than 30 days to germinate. In Taiwan, seeds of physiological dormancy, morphological dormancy, morphophysiological dormancy and physical dormancy were studied except for the combinational dormancy. Physiological dormancy is the most common kind of seed dormancy in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Combinational dormancy ； Morphological dormancy ； Morphophysiological dormancy ； Physical dormancy ； Physiological dormancy ； Seed dormancy