工業衛生是環境保護的先鋒之一

Industrial Hygiene is one of the Major Frontlines of Environmental Protection

王榮德(Jung-Der Wang)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 1期 (1982/12) Pp. 30-34

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-05

摘要

二次世界大戰戰復，工業急速發展，化學物污染也日趨嚴重。工業衛生如果沒作好，就會引起環境中氣相與液相的污染，甚而輾轉由食物鏈進入人體，於是不僅工人受害，社區居民亦同受其害。作者說已往已發生的各種環境病的例子（鉛，汞，多氯聯苯，多溴聯苯等等），探討其成因，顯示污染物的來源主要來自工業衛生的缺失。台灣近幾年來亦有不少個案發生。以我們所處環境，地狹人稠，緊急時要撤離眾多人口不易；加上化學物中多有致癌性、致畸胎性及危害神經及生殖系統者，我們非趕快大力推展工業衛生，以防範未然，自救救人，並保護我們的下一代不可。以預防醫學的觀點來看，環境病及職業病防治，從控制污染源著手最有效而經濟。常用的方法在工業衛生方面有取代法、密封法、自動化、自動排氣加上空氣清淨裝置、濕法、回收法，定期維護防治設備及評估其效果等等。

並列摘要

Industrial production, accompanied with potential chemical pollution to the environment, has accelerated since second world war. Poor practice of industrial hygiene not only makes the workers exposed to hazardous contaminants through air, water or food chain, but also threatens the health of people living in the nearby community. Several case histories of environmental pollution (lead, mercury, PCB, PBB, etc.) that produced health hazards to the community were reviewed to show the significance of such instances. In recent years, there were also signs of increased frequency of such problems in Taiwan. Considering the high population density and the severity of the potential health hazard (e. g. carcinogenesity, teratogenesity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc.), we had better promote comprehensive industrial hygiene programs immediately throughout this country in order to protect us and our sons and daughters from future tragedy. Fran the viewpoint of preventive medicine occupational and environmental diseases are most effectively and least costly prevented at the source of contaminant generation. At the industrial sources, the goal can probably be achieved through combinations of following measures: substitution, enclosure, automation, local exhaust ventilation plus air cleaning device, wet method, re-absorption and re-use of toxic chemicals, periodic maintenance of control device and evaluatiion of its effectiveness.