我國職業病防治的現況、困難及展望

Occupational Disease Prevention in Taiwan: Present Status and Future Perspectives

王榮德(Jung-Der Wang)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 6卷3期 (1987/02) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1986-06-03-01

摘要

過去20年中，由於台灣地區急速工業化，引入了許多可能導致職業病的因素。我們團隊與許多單位台作，共同在四年內證實下列職業病：彩色印刷打樣工人因正已烷引起的多發性神經病變，巴拉刈製造工人因聯吡啶結晶與離心作業所引起的皮膚癌，軸承製造工人因煤油引起的皮膚病，黏扣帶製造工人因二異氨酸甲苯引起的職業性氣喘，印刷工人因四氣化碳引起的肝炎，錳鐵鎖煉廠工人區艋引起的巴金森氏病。面對這些挑戰，我們應加緊培養人才及傳播知識。按本國法規來估計，我們至少需要138名職業醫學專科醫師，516名工業衛生師及3866名職業衛生護士；我們也需要品質良好的實驗室及儀器設備，來作環境採樣測定，以及建立職業與環境危害的基本資料，供政府制定防治先後次序之參考。本文並討論到防治策略應以預防爲本，目前找到疾病後再除去病因的作法，是亡羊補牢之計；並對政府各單位提出許多建議，期盼全國人民一致努力，作好廠內廠外一貫的防治工作。

並列摘要

Occupational disease prevention has become one of the major issues of Taiwan because of the rapid industrialization in the last 20 years. In collaborating with others, we have discovered following occupational diseases in the past 4 years: n-hexane induced polyneuropathy among press proofers, skin cancer among paraguat manufactures, kerosene dermatoses among ball bearing workers, toluene diisocyanate induced asthma among velcro tape manufacturers, carbon tetrachloride poisoning among printing workers, and manganese-related Parkinsonism among ferromanganese smelters. Facing the challenge of ever-increasing occupational hazards, we must promote both the knowledge and manpower of occupational health immediately. The demand of full time occupational physicians, industrial hygienists and occupationa1 health nurses were estimated to be at least 138, 516 and 3866 respectively. There is also an increasing demand of qualified laboratories for the identification and measurements of environmental contaminants. Various actions have been proposed for different departments of the governmental agencies to conquer present difficulties.