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臺北市水環境中汞污染之調查研究

An Investigation and Study on the Water Environmental Mercury Pollution in Taipei City

摘要


汞是一種有害的重金屬,它所造成的危害事件以日本曾發生的「水俣病」最著名。環境中汞污染來源除了大家所熟知的碱氯工廠以外,仍有少數其他的來源可能造成局部地區之污染。 本調查研究主要目的在於瞭解台北市區內的汞污染來源,以及水環境中目前之污染狀況,以爲進一步控制與改善之基礎。 調查內容包括河川水質調查與污染標調查兩方面,其中污染源方面又分爲下水道水質與底泥之分析,以及工廠、機關、學校、醫院、垃圾場等可能來源之廢水調查。 調查結果顯示:①河川水中含汞量多次測出超過河川水質標準(2 ppb),底泥則多在自然底泥含汞量(200 ppb)以下;②下水道排水口水質多超過2ppb,但均未超過放流水標準(50 ppb),底泥則多在10~400ppb之間;③醫院廢水均合放流水標準,但少數底泥含汞量較高;④機關廢水多合格,僅得一所超過標準很多;⑤學校廢水亦均合格,少數底泥含汞量偏高;⑥碱氯工廠廢水水質不穩,附近底泥含汞量最高測得29 ppm;⑦垃圾場滲出水含汞量均非常低;⑧烷基汞多可測出,顯示仍有相當之危險性。 另建議①應針對工廠以外事業廢水予以管制,並針對其造成污染者勸導改善;②含汞廢棄物於未來分類收集垃圾時予以考慮分類收集處理;③義芳化工廠之遷廠清理計劃應謹慎以防繼續污染。

關鍵字

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並列摘要


Mercury is a very toxic heavy metal. There are notorious health hazard events happened in Japan called ”Minamata Disease”. In addition to the notorious pollution source of alkali-chloro industry, there are some other sources which may cause local mercury pollution. The purpose of this research is to find out the sources of mercury pollution, and its effects in water environment, in order to provide the basic information for pollution control and improvement. This research contains river pollution investigation, and the pollution sources investigation such as sewer water and sediments, wastewater from industry, institutions, schools, hospitals and landfill sites. The conclusions are: 1. Mercury concentration in river water always exceeds water quality standard (2ppb), but the concentration in sediments are usually bellow natural concentration (200ppb). 2. Sewer effluent water usually exceeds 2ppb, however within effluent standard. (50ppb). Sediments are usually between l0-400ppb. 3. Hospital wastewater are all bellow the concentration of effluent standard, but a few of their sediments are slightly heigher. 4. The concentration in institutional wastewater effluents are usually low, however only one sample exceeds effluent standard. 5. School wastewater are all low, but a few of their sediments have relatively high mercury concentration. 6. Alkali-chloro wastewaters are varied from time to time. Sediments of receiving sewer was found having 29ppm of mercury. 7. Generally speaking, mercury in landfill leachates is quite low. 8. Alkyl mercury is usually detectable. sherefore, it is a high potential of health hazard. We suggest that: 1. Hospital, school and institutional wastewater should be properly regulated and improved. 2. In the future, whene spnarately garbage collection system is being operated, mercury contained wastes should be separately collected. 3. The cleaning plan of closed alkali-chloro factory must be carefully excuted, in order to prevent continuous pollution.

並列關鍵字

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