用面訪問卷測定行職業分類及暴露之準確度

The Accuracy of Occupational Exposure Histories by Questionnaire Interviewers

黃品宏(Ping-Hung Hwang) ； 王榮德(Jung-Der Wang) ； 張蓓眞(Pei-Jen Chang) ； 陳淑娟(Su-Juan Chen) ； 李莉君(Li-Jun Lee) ； 黃秀英(Show-Ying Huang) ； 楊瑜薇(Yu-Wei Yang)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 7卷1期 (1987/05) Pp. 35-42

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1987-07-01-05

摘要

本研究之目的是測定經由問卷面訪者所獲得之職業史，包括行職業分類和各項職業暴露之準確度。7,000位孕婦於產前檢查時經由三位專業面訪者，使用制式問卷面訪並記錄其行職業，以及工作環境中之數種暴露。我們由其中系統性隨機抽樣143人，除產前及產後辭職26人，電話改換及無法聯繫等30人，和其它原因無法訪得者15人外，共有72人由職業衛生專家完成現場訪視，以此專家所記錄之結果作標準來評估問卷之準確度時，結果行業分類項目大類相符合者之比率有96%，中類93%，小類86%，細類75%；職業分類項目大類相符合者93%，中類81%，小類79%。至於鉛、有機溶劑、塑膠、銲錫及汞暴露所得訪視記錄與原問卷甚爲符合。由本研究我們發現經由面訪問卷調查孕婦之職業暴露時，有特定製造過程如銲錫者較易準確，未有特定製造過程且定義不清者如有機溶劑和塑膠易低估；而危害性大者如鉛者則易高估。此外經由問卷面訪者所得之行職業分類大致可以接受。

並列摘要

The object of the study is to determine the accuracy of occupational histories, including exposures at the workplace, taken by standardized questionaire interviewers. Seven thousand pregnancy women were taken their occupational histories by three mutually standardized interviewers using structred questionnaires. Each woman was asked about her job titles and several specific exposures at her workplaces, including lead, mercury, organic solvents, plastics, and soldering operation. To verify the accuracy of our measurements, we have randomly selected 143 subjects out of 4340 working women for site visits. Because the site visit was performed several months after delivery, we found that 26 subjects had already resigned before or after delivery, 30 subjects either moved to other pl aces or changed their phone numbers and could not be located, 5 subjects with their factories closed, 6 subjects with factories which refused to be inspected although the main reasons are unrelated to occupational exposures, and there were 4 subjects whom we were unable to reach their workplaces, We have successfully determined the occupational titles and exposures on 72 subjects (50%). Using the assessment of an experienced occupational physician as the golden standard, we have found that the accuracy of interviewers were 9.6%, 3%, 86% and 75% for major division, division group, and item of international slassification of occupations, respectively. And job titles ere as accurate as 93%, 81%, and 79% for major division, division, and group of iternational classifications. The sensitivities of exposures to lead, organic solvents, plastics, soldesing and mercury were 100%, 67%, 0%, 100% and 0% respectively, while the specificities were all 100% except lead exposure, which was 98.6%. We conclude that occupational histories with a specific operation (e.g. soldering taken by interviewers were relatively accurate. Occupational exposures to well-known toxic metals such as lead tended to be over-reported by working women, while those of organic solvents and poorly-defined terms such as plastics tended to be underreported.