政治意識型態與健康人權

Political Ideologies and the Rights to Health Care

李卓倫(Jwo-Leun Lee)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 9卷3期 (1989/09) Pp. 113-122

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1989-09-03-01

摘要

本文旨在分析自由主義、保守主義和社會主義三種意識型態對「健康人權」概念的衝擊，討論內容偏重各種意識型態對「如何分配」和「政府角色」的主張。古典自由主義對資本主義的合理化使它的使康人權概念容易化約為市場上的買賣關係，近代自由主義則論證了公平分配財富的必要性，為福利社會中的健康照護權利作了相當程度的合理化。保守主義往往反對過多的政府干預而減低個人追求健康的責任，具有實用主義色彩的新保守主義在面對控制健康照護成本的迫切需要時比較容易忽略公平層面的考慮。社會主義依據「各盡所能，各取所需」的理念對使康人權問題提出相當的關切，並大聲疾呼人民接受健康照護的權利和政府提供健康照護的責任。本文透過各種意識型態中「人性觀」與「社會觀」的辨證，期能對有關「健康人權」的思考方式演變提供貢獻。

並列摘要

This paper reviews the concept of the rights to health care under three political ideologies--the liberalism, conservatism and socialism--dominantly by disscussing the problems of distribution and the role of government.
The ideas of classical liberalism, which rationalize capitalism, reduce the rights to health care to a kind of trading. By justifying the fair sharing of social wealth, recent liberalism makes some contributions to the rationalization of the right to health care in a welfare society.
Conservatism emphasizes the constraints on political power to affect change and the virtues of public restraint in dealing with many health problems. A particular danger of conservatism is that the goal of equity in health care delivery may be abandoned or lessened in priority in the face of the exigencies for health care cost containment.
Socialism legitimatizes the concept of health right by following the concept of ”from each according to his ability; to each according to his need”. Socialism claims the people's right to health care and the governmental responsibility of providing a comprehensive health care system.
Through the conceptual debate of humanity and society in varied ideologies, this paper expects to contribute to the reform thinking process about health care rights.

並列關鍵字

Health Care System ； Social Perception ； Health Policy