自殺之潛在生命損失及其對社會之影響

The Years of Potential Life Lost of Suicide and Its Social Impact

曹昭懿(Jau-Yih Tsauo) ； 王榮德(Jung-Der Wang)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 11卷1期 (1992/03) Pp. 70-77

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1992-11-01-08

摘要

以死亡率來估計一個社會的健康狀況，乃將不同年齡之死亡者，視為帶來社會同樣的損失，而潛在生命損失則考慮在不同年齡死亡時，社會所損失之人年數，可較準確的估算某死因所帶給社會的衛擊。向殺死亡者通常是年輕人，正值生產年齡，其死亡對社會所造成之不良影響通常比死亡率所表現出來的數字更大。本文乃利用行政院衛生署之生命統計資料及行政院主計處之薪資與生產力年報中國民平均薪資所得，計算因惡性腫瘤、腦血管病變及自殺三種原因致者，所帶來之潛在生命損失與薪資損失。由於前二死因之死亡人數遠超出自殺死亡人數，其所得之潛在生命損失與潛在早死年數損失均大於自殺死亡所致者。然而三死因所致之潛在工作年數損失則相差減小甚多。以之計算薪資損失，在民國78年時，惡性腫瘤、腦血管病變及自殺死亡所造成之薪資所得損失，在男性各為264.9、90.5及54.1億元；在女性則各為113.2、32.8及23.1億元。以上尚未計算由於自殺所造成社會、家庭變化之損失，如果再加上自殺未遂所耗費之人力、財力，則自殺所造成之損失更加龐大。吾人實應多用心於自殺之防治，以減少社會之損失，並提高社會之生產力。

並列摘要

Mortality rates have been a major index of health status in a community for decades. They describe the number and rates of death due to different causes in a population, but were unable to represent the total social impact resulting from this mortality. YPLL (years of potential life lost), in contrast, is presented as an index that focuses more on the social and economic consequences of mortality. Victims of suicide arc usually young and productive. The social impact from suicide is greater than what represented from mortality rate. The objectives of this paper are to measure the YPLL's from the death of suicide and to compare with those from malignancy and cerebrovascular attacks (CVA). Besides, we have estimated the loss of income from these three causes of death. The YPLL and PYPLL (pre mature years of potential life lost) from malignancy and CVA are much greater than that from suicide because of the greater mortality rates. However, the difference among the WYPLL (work years of potential life lost) of these three causes is smaller. The loss of income in 1989 from malignancy, CVA and suicide are NT$ 26.5, 9.1 and 5.4 billions respectively for males; and NT$ 113, 3.3 and 2.3 billions respectively for females. If counting the cost of the psychological influence of the family and society, the impact from suicide will become even greater. We conclude that the prevention of suicide is an important task in our society, and need to put more resources on.

並列關鍵字

Suicide ； YPLL Years of Potential Life Lost