民國74-79年各種職災累積死亡率與潛在生命年數損失之分析

Death Due To Occupational Accidents and Cost to Society: An Analysis of Cumulative Mortality Rates and Years of Potential Life Loss

劉益宏(Yi-Hung Liu) ； 王榮德(Jung-Der Wang)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 11卷2期 (1992/06) Pp. 89-101

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1992-11-02-02

摘要

The mortality rates of occupational accidents in Taiwan were usually 5-10 times those of Singapore and Japan during the past five years. The objective of this study was to explore the determinants of occupational fatalities and the loss of society incurred by these incidents. We collected and analyzed all mortality records (n=9457) of occupational accidents during January 1985-April 1991 from the Labor Insurance Bureau of Taiwan. The result showed that the average age of victims was 39.1±12.6. The average age of male workers was higher than that of female workers (40.8 vs 38.6 P＜0.001). Among different industrial divisions, the average age of mining and quarrying workers was the highest (48.5±8.9), while that of commercial workers was the lowest (34.5±12.3). The five leading causes of occupational fatalities were traffic accident, drowning, falling from height, stumbling, and electrical shock, each consisting of 48.0%, 8.1%, 7.6%, 4.2%, and 3.8% of all occupational fatalities. Annually, the years of potential life loss (YPLL) incurred by occupational fatalities were near 66, 000 person-years, and the working years of potential life loss (WYPLL) were as high as 44,000 person-years. The estimated total amount of salary loss was about 13 billion New Taiwan Dollars in 1990. The risk of occupational fatalities of male workers was 6-8 times higher than that of female workers. The lifetime (1565 years) cumulative mortality rates of male and female workers were 0.025 and 0.0004 respectively. The three most dangerous industrial divisions of male workers were mining and quarrying, farming and fishing, and construction industries, because their average cumulative mortality rates were 0.115, 0.076 and 0.035 respectively. Those of female workers were utility services, mining and quarrying, and manufacturing industries, because their lifetime cumulative mortality rates were 0.011, 0:009 and 0.006 respectively. During the last 6 years, the death rates of occupational accidents in Taiwan have shown a mild decline. However, the overall figure of mortality rates due to occupational accidents is still high if compared with more industrialized countries and need more effort to reduce it.

並列摘要

The mortality rates of occupational accidents in Taiwan were usually 5-10 times those of Singapore and Japan during the past five years. The objective of this study was to explore the determinants of occupational fatalities and the loss of society incurred by these incidents. We collected and analyzed all mortality records (n=9457) of occupational accidents during January 1985-April 1991 from the Labor Insurance Bureau of Taiwan. The result showed that the average age of victims was 39.1±12.6. The average age of male workers was higher than that of female workers (40.8 vs 38.6 P＜0.001). Among different industrial divisions, the average age of mining and quarrying workers was the highest (48.5±8.9), while that of commercial workers was the lowest (34.5±12.3). The five leading causes of occupational fatalities were traffic accident, drowning, falling from height, stumbling, and electrical shock, each consisting of 48.0%, 8.1%, 7.6%, 4.2%, and 3.8% of all occupational fatalities. Annually, the years of potential life loss (YPLL) incurred by occupational fatalities were near 66, 000 person-years, and the working years of potential life loss (WYPLL) were as high as 44,000 person-years. The estimated total amount of salary loss was about 13 billion New Taiwan Dollars in 1990. The risk of occupational fatalities of male workers was 6-8 times higher than that of female workers. The lifetime (1565 years) cumulative mortality rates of male and female workers were 0.025 and 0.0004 respectively. The three most dangerous industrial divisions of male workers were mining and quarrying, farming and fishing, and construction industries, because their average cumulative mortality rates were 0.115, 0.076 and 0.035 respectively. Those of female workers were utility services, mining and quarrying, and manufacturing industries, because their lifetime cumulative mortality rates were 0.011, 0:009 and 0.006 respectively. During the last 6 years, the death rates of occupational accidents in Taiwan have shown a mild decline. However, the overall figure of mortality rates due to occupational accidents is still high if compared with more industrialized countries and need more effort to reduce it.

並列關鍵字

Cumulative mortality rates ； occupational accidents ； year of potential life loss