台北地區兒童壓力源的初探

Study of Children's Perceived Stressors in Taipei City

張珏(Chueh Chang) ； 葉莉薇(Lei-Wei Yeh) ； 張月英(Yueh-Ing Chang) ； 陳寶雲(Pao-Yun Chen) ； 方金雪(Chien-Sheue Fong)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 12卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 153-163

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1993-12-02-04

摘要

爲了明瞭兒童對其周遭日常生活中所感受到的壓力源有那些，特別比較台北地區位於城市中心區部份（文、教、政區）的學童516名，以及403名邊緣郊區學童（陽明山帶），檢視是否因不同地區而感受壓力源有差異。本調查採用開放式問卷取得30項壓力來源，再歸類成七大類別成爲封閉式問題，探詢學童的主觀感受壓力來源。結果發現，在所列出30項的壓力源上，其排行前十名的有所異同，城市中心區學童較爲強調自然環境的壓力（至少十名中的四名），包括空氣污染、交通擁擠、和環境污染；而只有環境污染一項出現在郊區學童的前十名中，對於社會環境的壓力源如示威遊行，則亦爲城市中心地區孩子較敏感其傷害性，並能覺察而感受壓力，郊區則較少。在二組學童中共同有的壓力源淤前十名的則爲：手足失和、考試、生病。文中並討論這些壓力源對兒童生活品質以及心理健康的影響，且指出與目前快速變遷的社會因素有大關連，是公共衛生工作中需注意的一環。

關鍵字

兒童 ； 壓力源 ； 城市區／郊區

並列摘要

To better understand children's perception of stress in their own lives, a study was undertaken comparing children in Taipei city with those in suburban environments. A total of 516 students (282 boys and 234 girls) in a central Taipei elementary school and 403 students (192 boys and 211 girls) from five suburban elementary schools were presented with a questionnaire listing 30 stressors. The top ten stressors varied between the two groups. Central city children reported more stress from the natural environment (four of the ten), including air pollution, traffic, noise pollution, and other environmental pollution. Only one of these stressors (other environmental pollution) appeared in the top ten list of suburban students. While street demonstrations appeared in the central city ranking, suburban students did not rank them among the top ten. Common to both groups was a concern with sibling rivalry, examinations, and illness. The significance of these stressors on the quality of life and mental health of students are discussed along with the particular stresses associated with rapid social change in an urban center.

並列關鍵字

Children ； Stressor ； Urban/Suburban