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Popping Scars and Edema of Lower Extremities in an Opiate Addict With Heroin-Associated Nephropathy - A Case Report and Review of Literature
摘要
Illicit drug abuse is an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease. Several mechanisms of heroin-induced renal injury had been proposed but a definitive causal link could not be determined. Histopathological findings associated with heroin abusers were non-specific. Hence, it is important for physicians to have clinical suspicion for drug history to enable early treatment and disease prevention. However, these people may not reveal openly about their drug history. Recognizing telltale skin manifestations of drug abuser is the key to early diagnosis and treatment. We treated a 55-year-old depressive male patient with nephrotic syndrome, anemia, acute lung edema and uremia by using diuretics, hemodialysis and blood transfusion. Serum antinuclear antibody (Ab), cryoglobulin, other autoantibodies, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ab and hepatitis B were negative. Normal serum immunoglobulin (Ig) level but positive anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) Ab and relatively low C3 and C4 were detected. Renal pathology revealed diffuse sclerosing glomerulopathy. Skin-popping scars hinted heroin abuse and finally he admitted it. Heroin-associated nephropathy was concluded after considering his medical history, skin manifestations and renal pathology. We urge clinicians to recognize the skin manifestations of illicit drug user and review skin manifestations and nephropathy associated with heroin addicts.
延伸閱讀
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