中國國家資本主義之下私企成為國家冠軍私企的過程分析：阿里巴巴個案研究

An Analysis on the Process of Privately Owned National Champions in Chinese State Capitalism: The Case Study of Alibaba Group

鄭家琪(Chia-Chi Cheng)

《中國大陸研究》 62卷2期 (2019/06) Pp. 71-107

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.201906_62(2).0003

摘要

本文分析私有企業、地方政府與中央級國企的合作如何轉變中央政府政策，使私有企業成為國家冠軍私企。彼此在合作過程中，產生不同類型的中國國家資本主義制度變遷。以阿里巴巴為個案，研究顯示中國國家冠軍私企的出現與地方政府的政策目標息息相關，在電子商務監管體系不足的狀況之下，提供了國家冠軍私企對制度環境的解釋空間，以及地方政府偏差選擇行為的空間，進而使私企與地方政府產生共享利益的合作。私企與政府合作的整體過程，從「層化」的制度變遷類型朝向「轉化」類型，亦即從擴大市場占有率，並且取得與國有企業相當資源，擁有改變既有制度的解釋能力，超越國企成為國家冠軍私企。

關鍵字

中國大陸 ； 中國國家資本主義 ； 政企關係 ； 阿里巴巴

並列摘要

This paper analyzes how the cooperation among the privately-owned enterprises (POEs), the local government, and the State-owned enterprises produces the Privately Owned National Champions (PONCs) and further devotes its attention on explaining how the PONCs can influence the policy made by the central government, and the different typologies of institutional changes of Chinese state capitalism. Using Alibaba as the main focus of this paper, this research shows that the appearance of PONCs is highly correlated to the local government's policy purpose. On the one hand, the insufficiency of the regulatory institutions in the e-commerce industry causes slacks, so the PONCs are able to explain those incomplete institutions, which in turn causes the local government to make biased choices based on these slacks. As a result, this cooperation creates the shared interests of the POEs and the local governments, which shows the change of their cooperation model from layering to conversion. Thus, POEs can expand their market shares, as well as earn the resources equivalent to the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and ultimately, have the ability to suppress them to become the PONCs.

並列關鍵字

China ； Chinese State Capitalism ； Government-Enterprise Relation ； Alibaba

參考文獻

浙江省人民政府第二次經濟普查領導小組辦公室，2008，《浙江經濟普查年鑑》，北京：中國統計出版社。The Second Time Economic Census Leading Group of the People's Government of Zhejiang Province. 2008. Zhejiang jingji pucha nianjian [Zhejiang Economic Census Yearbook]. Beijing: China Statistics Press.

浙江省人民政府第三次經濟普查領導小組辦公室，2012，《浙江經濟普查年鑑》，北京：中國統計出版社。The Third Time Economic Census Leading Group of the People's Government of Zhejiang Province. 2012. Zhejiang jingji pucha nianjian [Zhejiang Economic Census Yearbook]. Beijing: China Statistics Press.

張旭東、劉錚，2013，〈聽取各界人士對政府工作報告稿的意見〉，《人民日報》，1月30日。Zhang, Xu-dong, and Zheng Liu. 2013. “Tingqu gejie renshi dui zhengfu gongzuo baogao gao de yijian” [Listening to the Views of People on the Government Work Report]. Renmin Ribao (January 30).

張秀發、王大順，1999，〈電子商務：中國的希望和挑戰〉，《人民日報》， 2月28日。Zhang, Xiu-fa, and Da-shun Wang. 1999. “Dianzi shangwu: Zhongguo de xiwang he tiaozhan” [E-commerce: China's hopes and challenges]. Renmin Ribao (February 28).

張洋、張瀟月，2014，〈更加自覺為網路安全和資訊化建設作出貢獻〉，《人民日報》，9月6日。Zhang, yang, and Xiao-yue Zhang. 2014. “Gengjia zijiao wei wanglu anquan he zixunhua jianshe zuochu gongxian” [More Consciously Contribute to Network Security and Information Construction]. Renmin Ribao (September 06).