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勤業務專責下消防人員每日勤務排班最佳化之研究

AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR FIREFIGHTER'S DAILY DUTY SCHEDULING BASED ON LABOR WITH SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITY

摘要


消防署在面對勤業務量驟增及人力不足的雙重困境下,唯有規劃一個兼顧公平、合理及人性化的每日勤務排班系統,才能讓同仁在繁重的勤業務下適當休息。目前實務上外勤消防單位的勤務排班皆以人工指派,其缺點包含費時、勤務分配不均、同仁休息時間不足、以及無法考量勤務類別之勞役程度等。本研究研擬一最佳化每日勤務排班模式,納入勤務需求、專責業務及休息時間等排班考量,並按勤務類別之勞役程度設定勤務權重,期能在符合全時段內每種勤務應有的限制條件下,使得每位同仁能夠平均分配勤務量及得到合理的休息時間。因消防外勤單位每日勤務類別及上班人數並不固定,通常須於前一晚才能確認次日之勤務類別,且由分隊長、小隊長、或是資深同仁進行編排一天的勤務班表,至少需要耗費一小時以上的時間,因此,本研究以每日服勤人員及每日勤務類別為基底,利用數學0-1整數規劃來構建模式,並使用LINGO 12.0為工具求解,以找到最公平的勤務班表。本研究模式係以整數線性規劃方式進行求解,其模式架構簡易明瞭且具有效率,規劃之勤務表確實能滿足本研究單位對於勤務表編排之需求。最後,本研究以一消防單位的現況排班為例,進行測試分析,並將本研究模式與人工排班作比較,以顯示本研究模式較人工做法的優越性。

並列摘要


With increasing demand of firefighters, before making up the shortage between the large demand and the limited supply, the planning of a daily duty scheduling system on fair, reasonable and humanized basis should be the only way to help current firefighters relieve stress from heavy duties. Currently, field firefighting units typically perform duty scheduling in practice based on a manual assignment, which includes many shortcomings, such as time-consuming, uneven distribution of duties, shortage of break time, and no consideration of weights on different duties. This study proposes an optimization model for daily duty scheduling, incorporating the consideration of firefighter's duty requirements, break time, different duty weights evaluated based on labor and rest degrees, and other necessary scheduling constraints. The model can yield a schedule that allows each person with equal amount of weighted duty, while meeting the required manpower constriants for all time periods. Field firefighting units have not fixed their daily duty category and the number of people in duty hours. The duty category on the next day is usually confirmed the night before. Consequently, based on daily on-duty personnel and daily duty category this study applies the 0-1 integer programming technique to construct a model which is solved using LINGO 12.0 to find out the fairest schedule. Finally, a case study is carried out using the data from a field firefighting unit to preliminarily evaluate the model. The duty schedule from the model is also compared with that from the manual assignment to demonstrate the superiority of the model over the manual approach.

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