Teleological Narrative Model of Philosophical Practice

哲學實踐的目的論敘事模式

李英儀(Young-E Rhee)

《哲學與文化》 43卷9期 (2016/09) Pp. 101-120

摘要

本文試圖介紹「意向」的概念，以強調意向對哲學實踐的重要性，並連同相關的概念——例如目的和敘事——來說明「意向」的作用。筆者認為意向的概念在哲學的實踐中扮演了不可或缺的角色，尤其是在科學和科技時代，大多人都不會花時間思考人生的目的或意義，因此總是糊裡糊塗地匆匆度日，有時甚至訴諸於酒精或毒品，甚至自殺。在第一部分，筆者說明為何必須思考哲學實踐當中的「意向」。首先介紹伊莉莎白．安斯康姆的意向理論，她把意向分成三種用法：付諸行動的意向、行動時的意向、以及意向性行動。行動是哲學實踐之基礎，第二部分要檢視一種以意向為焦點而對行動做出的目的論說明。筆者介紹格奧爾格．亨利克．馮．萊特以實踐推論的架構為基礎所提出的模式，並指出和這麼模式相關的主要問題，以陳述意向和目的之間的關係，並提出一個修正的式。在第三部分，筆者討論麥金泰爾的敘事理論，藉此結合意向、目的與諮商的概念，最後結合這兩種模式，提出一個哲學實踐的目的論敘事模式。

關鍵字

意向 ； 理性 ； 目的 ； 體現的心 ； 實踐推論 ； 敘事

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of intention in order to emphasize its significance for philosophical practice and explain its function in conjunction with related notions, such as purpose and narrative. I argue that the notion of intention plays an indispensable role in practicing philosophy, especially in a scientific and technological epoch in which most people do not take time to consider the purpose or meaning of their lives. This makes them rush their lives in total confusion and sometimes also resort to alcohol or drugs and even commit suicide. In section 1, I explain why we have to consider intention in philosophical practice. I start from Gertrude E. Anscombe’s theory of intention that discriminates three usages: intention to act, intention in acting, and intentional action. In section 2, I examine a teleological explanation of action as a basis for philosophical practice that focuses on intention. I introduce Georg H. von Wright’s model, which is based on a scheme of practical inference, and then point out its main problems that are related to formulate the relationship between intention and purpose, and suggest a revised model. In section 3, I combine the notions of intention, purpose, and counseling by discussing the narrative theory of Alasdair MacIntyre, and finally I suggest a teleological-narrative model of philosophical practice that is based on the combination of both models.

並列關鍵字

Intention ； Reason ； Telos ； Embodied Mind ； Practical Inference ； Narrative

參考文獻

Anscombe, Gertrude(2000).Intention.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.

Aristotle(1984).Complete Works of Aristotle.Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.

Aristotle(1984).Complete Works of Aristotle.Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.

Beckermann, Ansgar(1979).A Note on von Wright's Formulation of Intentional Explanations.Erkenntnis.14,349-353.

Cohen, Elliot(2013).Theory and Practice of Logic-Based Therapy: Integrating Critical Thinking and Philosophy into Psychotherapy.Newcastle-upon-Tyne:Cambridge Scholars Publishing.