勞動的「媒介化」與媒介的「勞動化」：數位勞動研究的內涵、現狀與未來

The ＂Mediatization＂ of Labor and the ＂Laboring＂ of Media: The Connotation, Status Quo, and Future of Digital Labor Studies

姚建華(Jianhua Yao) ； 徐偲驌(Sisu Xu)

《新聞學研究》 141期 (2019/10) Pp. 181-214

https://doi.org/10.30386/MCR.201910_(141).0005

摘要

當前，數位勞動研究領域取得了豐碩的成果，研究對象溢出了最初的新媒體平台的產消合一者與玩工，學者們開始關注網路零工、受技術宰制的傳統雇傭關係之內的腦力勞動者，甚至將開採電子產品元件原料和生產這些產品的體力勞動者亦納入其中。本文作為數位勞動領域的理論探討，首要任務是爬梳與展示數位勞動領域的前沿成果。其次，更兼具一定的問題意識，本文希望回答，作為分析範疇本身的「數位勞動」區別於「知識勞動」、「腦力勞動」、「非物質勞動」等紛雜概念的核心關鍵究竟在哪裡？其哲學基礎之於其他概念是否具有典範意義上的創新？「數位勞動」研究如何與傳播研究的其他最新成果展開對話？本文提出：數位勞動實際上是以勞動的「媒介化」與媒介的「勞動化」兩條並行不悖的路徑滲透到當下人類的社會之中。最後，文章討論了爭取非異化勞動之可能的路徑。

關鍵字

數位勞動 ； 知識勞動 ； 媒介化 ； 勞動化

並列摘要

With the field of digital labor studies as a fruitful area for academic research, scholarly attention is no longer circumscribed within the scope of prosumers and playbors on new media platforms. Instead, emerging areas have caught scholarly attention, such as digital labor in the gig economy, mental labor in the traditional employment relationship, and even manual labor who extract raw materials and manufacture electronic products. This article first summarizes the latest findings in digital labor studies. Second, employing a problem-oriented approach, this article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the core differences between digital labor (as an analytic category) and knowledge labor, mental labor, and immaterial labor, to name just a few? Is there a paradigm shift when the philosophical foundation of digital labor is compared to that of other kinds of labor? How do digital labor studies interact with other recent developments in communication research? Third, this article proposes that digital labor actually penetrates into current society along two parallel paths-the ＂mediatization＂ of labor and the ＂laboring＂ of media. Finally, it examines the possible path to make digital labor less alienated.

並列關鍵字

digital labor ； knowledge labor ； mediatization ； laboring

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