酒駕罰則是否有效抑制酒駕？中斷點迴歸設計的應用

Does Legal Punishment of Drunk Driving Deter Alcohol-Involved Traffic Accidents? An Application of the Regression Discontinuity Approach

蔡偉德(Wei-Der Tsai)

《經濟論文叢刊》 47卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 75-126

https://doi.org/10.6277/TER.201903_47(1).0003

摘要

本研究利用92－102年交通事故調查報告表的資料，及中斷點迴歸設計（RDD）的分析方法，探討97－102年之間酒駕罰則的4次修法對抑制酒駕交通事故的成效。實證結果發現只有102年6月13日同日施行的新修訂刑法185－3及道路交通安全規則第114條，顯著降低酒駕事故的占率約2.8個百分點（是修法前酒駕事故占率均值的44.73%），主要的原因爲刑事處罰的酒測值門檻入刑法，以及行政處罰酒駕的酒測值門檻降低；而此修法對機車和小客車車主的嚇阻作用並無明顯差別。該次的修法呈現外溢效果，同時顯著降低全台每日喝酒駕車（酒測值大於零，包含未超標酒駕者）事故件數約28件，以及交通事故件數約69件。本文的研究結果將提供修訂酒駕政策的參考。

關鍵字

中斷點迴歸線設計 ； 刑法185條第3款 ； 道路交通管理處罰條例第35條 ； 道路交通安全規則第114條

並列摘要

This study examines the effects of the statutory changes in drunk driving penalties on the incidence of alcohol-involved traffic accidents. During 2003-2013, several regulatory changes regarding the punishment for drunk driving were implemented, aiming to deter driving after drinking via raising the fine, extending the license suspension period and adding jail time, etc. Employing the regression discontinuity design, we empirically investigate whether the four statutory changes have effects on the deterrence of alcohol-related traffic accidents, leading to a lower ratio of drunk-driving traffic accidents to total road accidents. Our empirical results indicate that only the last statutory change of Article 185-3 of the Criminal Code, significantly reduced the ratio of drunk driving accidents. That statutory change also had spillover effects, lessening both the number of alcohol-related traffic accidents and the total number of road accidents. Two changes contributed to the drunk-driving reducing effects. One is the insertion of the BrAC/BAC legal level in the statute of the Criminal Code. The other is the lowering of the BrAC/BAC criteria for administrative penalties for drunk driving. Our empirical results provide implications for policy aiming to ban drunk driving.

並列關鍵字

regression discontinuity design ； Article 185-3 of Criminal Code ； Section 35 of Statute Governing Road Traffic ； Article 114 of Rules of Road Traffic Safety

參考文獻

內政部警政署專題分析 (2013), 《道路交通事故分析與醫療費用支出 — 以99年資料為例》, 台北: 內政部警政署全球資訊網。 (Special Topic Analysis from the Natioanl Policy Agency, Ministry of The Interior (2013), “Analysis of Road Traffic Accident and Expenditure on Medical Expenditure - Taking the Year of 2000 Data as an Example,” The Global Information Network of the Natioanl Policy Agency, Ministry of the Interior. https://www.npa.gov.tw/NPAGip/wSite/ct?xItem=63896&ctNode=12598&mp=1.)

李佩玲 (2016), “台灣酒駕政策與酒駕事故之關聯性研究,” 碩士論文, 國立中央大學。 (Lee, Pei-Ling (2016), “A Study on the Relationship Between Taiwan’s Drunk Driving Policy and Drunk Driving Accidents,” MA thesis, National Central University.)

林俊杰 (2013), “重刑化刑事政策實證效能之研究 — 以酒後駕車犯罪為例,” 《檢協會訊》, 92, 5–9。 (Lin, Chung-Chieh (2013), “A Empirical Study on the Effect of Severe Criminal Law Policy - Taking Drunk Driving Crime as an Example,” Prosecutor Association News, 92, 5–9.)

陳四信 (2014), “提升機關政策執行力之探討 — 以政府防制酒後駕車為例,” 《國家文官學院 T&D 飛訊》, 199, 1–28。 (Chen, Sih-Sin (2014), “An Investigation On The Promotion of Policy Execution - Take the Government Prevention of Drunk Driving as An Example”, T&D Flying News, National Academy of Civil Affairs, 199, 1–28.)

陳高村與郭佩霞 (2014), “酒駕處罰加重立法前後執法與判決結果特性分析,” 《103年道路交通安全與執法研討會論文集》, 527–542。(Chen, Kaot-sun and Pei-Hsia Kuo (2014), “An Analysis of the Characteristics of Law Enforcement and Judgment Results Before and After the Legislation of Increased Penalty for Drunk Driving,” Conference on Road Traffic Safety and Law Enforcement, Conference Proceedings, 527–542.)